Table 2 Crude associations of body mass index (BMI) and overweight with road distance, residential area type and demographic and lifestyle factors
BMI (kg/m2) | No. (%) overweight (BMI ≥ 25) | No. of subjects | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SDa | |||
Road distance to commune’s centre (km) | ||||
0.0–1.9 | 24.71 | 4.25 | 549 (41.2) | 1334 |
2.0–4.9 | 24.50 | 4.20 | 661 (38.3) | 1727 |
5.0–9.9 | 24.45 | 3.97 | 449 (38.0) | 1183 |
10.0–19.9 | 25.10 | 4.51 | 295 (45.2) | 652 |
20.0–184.0 | 25.76 | 4.79 | 206 (51.4) | 401 |
Residential area type (population density, inhabitants per km 2 ) | ||||
Scattered settlements (1–5) | 26.07 | 5.34 | 74 (52.1) | 142 |
Rural areas proper (6–20) | 25.35 | 4.46 | 200 (45.5) | 440 |
Transition zones (21–100) | 25.22 | 4.80 | 292 (43.8) | 667 |
Built-up areas & suburbs (101–1000) | 24.65 | 4.10 | 734 (41.1) | 1785 |
High-rise centres (1000–19192) | 24.40 | 4.06 | 860 (38.0) | 2263 |
Sex | ||||
Men | 25.25 | 3.62 | 1246 (49.6) | 2513 |
Women | 24.22 | 4.72 | 914 (32.8) | 2784 |
Marital status | ||||
Married/cohabiting | 24.73 | 4.10 | 1550 (41.0) | 3779 |
Other | 24.68 | 4.70 | 579 (40.2) | 1441 |
Region of residence | ||||
City of Oulu | 24.52 | 4.00 | 439 (39.6) | 1109 |
Rest of northern Finland | 24.94 | 4.41 | 1458 (42.7) | 3416 |
Helsinki metropolitan area | 23.99 | 3.88 | 263 (34.1) | 772 |
Occupational class | ||||
Office work | 24.40 | 4.32 | 749 (36.6) | 2044 |
Industry | 25.21 | 3.98 | 585 (49.2) | 1190 |
Agriculture | 25.25 | 4.45 | 146 (44.6) | 327 |
Health/social work | 24.37 | 4.44 | 283 (35.2) | 805 |
Business | 24.64 | 3.99 | 165 (40.8) | 404 |
Socio-economic group | ||||
Entrepreneurs | 25.32 | 4.26 | 164 (45.9) | 357 |
Higher administrative | 24.11 | 3.57 | 348 (35.3) | 985 |
Lower administrative | 24.49 | 4.40 | 697 (37.2) | 1875 |
Blue collar workers | 25.19 | 4.35 | 797 (47.0) | 1696 |
Other | 24.57 | 4.54 | 105 (38.6) | 272 |
Education | ||||
University | 23.84 | 3.55 | 160 (30.6) | 523 |
College/polytechnic | 24.41 | 3.98 | 704 (38.4) | 1831 |
Vocational school/course | 25.14 | 4.34 | 853 (45.6) | 1869 |
No vocational school | 24.87 | 4.79 | 419 (41.0) | 1023 |
Occupational physical activity | ||||
Sedentary work | 24.54 | 4.10 | 639 (39.4) | 1620 |
Light standing or moving work | 24.30 | 3.97 | 242 (36.4) | 664 |
Medium heavy moving work | 24.65 | 3.87 | 350 (41.2) | 850 |
Heavy/very heavy manual work | 25.17 | 4.19 | 363 (45.8) | 793 |
Leisure-time physical activity (quintiles, MET-hours per week) | ||||
0–2.7 | 25.26 | 4.72 | 482 (47.3) | 1019 |
2.8–7.7 | 24.92 | 4.54 | 441 (42.3) | 1042 |
7.8–14.1 | 24.50 | 4.06 | 400 (38.3) | 1044 |
14.2–25.0 | 24.39 | 3.92 | 385 (37.5) | 1027 |
25.1–84.0 | 24.37 | 3.82 | 390 (37.8) | 1031 |
Diet | ||||
Healthy | 24.66 | 4.26 | 1876 (40.0) | 4694 |
Unhealthy | 25.14 | 4.45 | 284 (47.1) | 603 |
Alcohol consumption (quartiles, grams per day) | ||||
0.0–1.0 | 24.81 | 5.05 | 499 (38.9) | 1284 |
1.1–4.0 | 24.48 | 4.15 | 486 (38.0) | 1278 |
4.1–10.4 | 24.40 | 3.86 | 491 (37.7) | 1302 |
10.5–531 | 25.17 | 3.83 | 628 (48.4) | 1297 |
Smoking | ||||
On 5–7 days/week | 24.85 | 4.50 | 613 (42.5) | 1441 |
On 4 days/week at most | 25.03 | 4.12 | 305 (44.2) | 690 |
Not at all | 24.57 | 4.17 | 1217 (39.0) | 3118 |
All | 24.71 | 4.26 | 2160 (40.8) | 5297 |