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Table 3 Spontaneous adaptation behaviors to heat waves in vulnerable populations with different demographic characteristics

From: Associations between risk perception, spontaneous adaptation behavior to heat waves and heatstroke in Guangdong province, China

 

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χ 2

P

Drink more water

χ 2

P

Wear light clothes

χ 2

P

Bathe frequently

χ 2

P

Stay in house

χ 2

P

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Gender

  

1.08

0.298

  

0.15

0.699

  

5.13

0.024

  

0.70

0.404

  

8.95

0.003

 Male

321(27.6)

844(72.4)

148(12.7)

1017(87.3)

681(58.5)

484(51.5)

748(64.2)

417(35.8)

513(44.0)

652(56.0)

 Female

301(29.6)

717(70.4)

135(13.3)

883(86.7)

546(53.6)

472(46.4)

671(65.9)

347(34.1)

384(37.7)

634(62.3)

Age (years)

  

12.26

0.031

  

4.60

0.467

  

17.28

0.004

  

8.61

0.126

  

4.84

0.436

 <20

64(36.0)

114(64.0)

22(12.4)

156(87.6)

102(57.3)

76(42.7)

108(60.7)

70(39.3)

81(45.5)

97(54.5)

 20–29

135(31.4)

295(68.6)

57(13.3)

373(86.7)

233(54.2)

197(45.8)

291(67.7)

139(32.3)

184(42.8)

246(57.2)

 30–39

138(26.1)

391(73.9)

68(12.9)

461(87.1)

295(55.8)

234(44.2)

355(67.1)

174(32.9)

223(42.2)

306(57.8)

 40–49

145(28.3)

367(71.7)

58(11.3)

454(88.7)

264(51.6)

248(48.4)

316(61.7)

196(38.3)

194(37.9)

318(62.1)

 50–59

73(23.5)

238(76.5)

40(12.9)

271(87.1)

183(58.8)

128(41.2)

195(62.7)

116(37.3)

122(39.2)

189(60.8)

 ≥60

67(30.0)

156(70.0)

38(17.0)

185(83.0)

150(67.3)

73(32.7)

154(69.1)

69(30.9)

93(41.7)

130(58.3)

Education

  

18.25

0.001

  

16.29

0.003

  

151.18

<0.001

  

20.65

<0.001

  

2.96

0.565

 Elementary school or lower

164(31.5)

356(68.5)

82(15.8)

438(84.2)

368(70.8)

152(29.2)

371(71.3)

149(28.7)

215(41.3)

305(58.7)

 Junior middle school

227(32.2)

477(67.8)

99(14.1)

605(85.9)

442(62.8)

262(37.2)

440(62.5)

264(37.5)

275(39.1)

429(60.9)

 Senior middle school or vocational secondary school

134(25.8)

386(74.2)

58(11.2)

462(88.8)

256(49.2)

264(50.8)

309(59.4)

211(40.6)

224(43.1)

296(56.9)

 College or above

81(21.6)

294(78.4)

31(8.3)

344(91.7)

123(32.8)

252(67.2)

258(68.8)

117(31.2)

153(40.8)

222(59.2)

 Didn’t answer

16(25.0)

48(75.0)

13(20.3)

51(79.7)

38(59.4)

26(40.6)

41(64.1)

23(35.9)

30(46.9)

34(53.1)

Occupation

  

27.77

<0.001

  

17.76

0.007

  

138.49

<0.001

  

36.12

<0.001

  

6.70

0.350

 Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry or fishing

176(34.7)

331(65.3)

72(14.2)

435(85.8)

367(72.4)

140(27.6)

377(74.4)

130(25.6)

213(42.0)

294(58.0)

 Person in service trade

96(21.4)

352(78.6)

49(10.9)

399(89.1)

214(47.8)

234(52.2)

268(59.8)

180(40.2)

180(40.2)

268(59.8)

 Person in charge of institute

39(25.7)

113(74.3)

14(9.2)

138(90.8)

61(40.1)

91(59.9)

106(69.7)

46(30.3)

68(44.7)

84(55.3)

 Technician

58(23.0)

194(77.0)

20(7.9)

232(92.1)

92(36.5)

160(63.5)

165(65.5)

87(34.5)

93(36.9)

159(63.1)

 Military or student

59(33.1)

119(66.9)

23(12.9)

155(87.1)

98(55.1)

80(44.9)

116(65.2)

62(34.8)

85(47.8)

93(52.2)

 Unemployment or retired

74(29.0)

181(71.0)

36(14.1)

219(85.9)

137(53.7)

118(46.3)

162(63.5)

93(36.5)

100(39.2)

155(60.8)

 Other

120(30.7)

271(69.3)

69(17.6)

322(82.4)

258(66.0)

133(34.0)

225(57.5)

166(42.5)

158(40.4)

233(59.6)

Family monthly income per person (yuan)

63.63

<0.001

  

17.35

0.008

  

132.85

<0.001

  

21.14

0.002

  

15.51

0.017

 < 500

93(32.3)

195(67.7)

40(13.9)

248(86.1)

215(74.7)

73(25.3)

211(73.3)

77(26.7)

118(41.0)

170(59.0)

 500–999

166(43.3)

217(56.7)

67(17.5)

316(82.5)

271(70.8)

112(29.2)

254(66.3)

129(33.7)

146(38.1)

237(61.9)

 1,000–1,999

96(23.3)

316(76.7)

43(10.4)

369(89.6)

200(48.5)

212(51.5)

273(66.3)

139(33.7)

160(38.8)

252(61.2)

 2,000–4,999

112(21.6)

407(78.4)

60(11.6)

459(88.4)

220(42.4)

299(57.6)

326(62.8)

193(37.2)

223(43.0)

296(57.0)

 5,000–9,999

40(23.7)

129(76.3)

20(11.8)

149(88.2)

78(46.2)

91(53.8)

97(57.4)

72(42.6)

62(36.7)

107(63.3)

 ≥10,000

16(24.2)

50(75.8)

2(3.0)

64(97.0)

34(51.5)

32(48.5)

33(50.0)

33(50.0)

20(30.3)

46(69.7)

 Don’t know or refused to answer

99(28.6)

247(71.4)

51(14.7)

295(85.3)

209(60.4)

137(39.6)

225(65.0)

121(35.0)

168(48.6)

178(51.4)

Residential area

  

15.25

<0.001

  

2.72

0.099

  

57.74

<0.001

  

27.70

<0.001

  

12.86

<0.001

 Urban

262(24.6)

802(75.4)

125(11.7)

939(88.3)

510(47.9)

554(52.1)

633(59.5)

431(40.5)

396(37.2)

668(62.8)

 Rural

360(32.2)

759(67.8)

158(14.1)

961(85.9)

717(64.1)

402(35.9)

786(70.2)

333(29.8)

501(44.8)

618(55.2)

 

Reduce activity

χ 2

P

Go to a public place with air conditioning

χ 2

P

Use sunshade or sunhat

χ 2

P

Rest in the shade

χ 2

P

Use an air conditioner

χ 2

P

 

No

Yes

  

No

Yes

  

No

Yes

  

No

Yes

  

No

Yes

  
 

N (%)

N (%)

  

N (%)

N (%)

  

N (%)

N (%)

  

N (%)

N (%)

  

N (%)

N (%)

  

Gender

  

0.18

0.671

  

0.36

0.549

  

13.85

<0.001

  

0.73

0.393

  

0.76

0.385

 Male

648(55.6)

517(44.4)

823(70.6)

342(29.4)

710(60.9)

455(39.1)

403(34.6)

762(65.4)

532(45.7)

633(54.3)

 Female

557(54.7)

461(45.3)

731(71.8)

287(28.2)

540(53.0)

478(47.0)

370(36.3)

648(63.7)

446(43.8)

572(56.2)

Age (years)

  

0.28

0.998

  

24.29

<0.001

  

21.17

0.001

  

4.95

0.422

  

113.62

<0.001

 <20

98(55.1)

80(44.9)

120(67.4)

58(32.6)

100(56.2)

78(43.8)

72(40.4)

106(59.6)

101(56.7)

77(43.3)

 20–29

240(55.8)

190(44.2)

288(67.00)

142(33.0)

230(53.5)

200(46.5)

163(37.9)

267(62.1)

163(37.9)

267(62.1)

 30–39

289(54.6)

240(45.4)

364(68.8)

165(31.2)

287(54.3)

242(45.7)

179(33.8)

350(66.2)

172(32.5)

357(67.5)

 40–49

280(54.7)

232(45.3)

361(70.5)

151(29.5)

284(55.5)

228(44.5)

182(35.5)

330(64.5)

216(42.2)

296(57.8)

 50–59

173(55.6)

138(44.4)

237(76.2)

74(23.8)

196(63.0)

115(37.0)

104(33.4)

207(66.6)

178(57.2)

133(42.8)

 ≥60

125(56.1)

98(43.9)

184(82.5)

39(17.5)

153(68.6)

70(31.4)

73(32.7)

150(67.3)

148(66.4)

75(33.6)

Education

  

4.69

0.321

  

97.90

<0.001

  

201.92

<0.001

  

9.21

0.056

  

628.21

<0.001

 Elementary school or lower

290(55.8)

230(44.2)

443(85.2)

77(14.8)

400(76.9)

120(23.1)

173(33.3)

347(66.7)

415(79.8)

105(20.2)

 Junior middle school

370(52.6)

334(47.4)

521(74.0)

183(26.0)

435(61.8)

269(38.2)

235(33.4)

469(66.6)

395(56.1)

309(43.9)

 Senior middle school or vocational secondary school

290(55.8)

230(44.2)

329(63.3)

191(36.7)

259(49.8)

261(50.2)

208(40.0)

312(60.0)

125(24.0)

395(76.0)

 College or above

214(57.1)

161(42.9)

222(59.2)

153(40.8)

118(31.5)

257(68.5)

129(34.4)

246(65.6)

18(4.8)

357(95.2)

 Didn’t answer

41(64.1)

23(35.9)

39(60.9)

25(39.1)

38(59.4)

26(40.6)

28(43.8)

36(56.3)

25(39.1)

39(60.9)

Occupation

  

3.11

0.795

  

104.31

<0.001

  

177.78

<0.001

  

34.59

<0.001

  

544.60

<0.001

 Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry or fishing

283(55.8)

224(44.2)

430(84.8)

77(15.2)

378(74.6)

129(25.4)

151(29.8)

356(70.2)

414(81.7)

93(18.3)

 Person in service trade

234(52.2)

214(47.8)

286(63.8)

162(36.2)

230(51.3)

218(48.7)

142(31.7)

306(68.3)

131(29.2)

317(70.8)

 Person in charge of institute

86(56.6)

66(43.4)

82(53.9)

70(46.1)

64(42.1)

88(57.9)

55(36.2)

97(63.8)

5(3.3)

147(96.7)

 Technician

143(56.7)

109(43.3)

156(61.9)

96(38.1)

79(31.3)

173(68.7)

97(38.5)

155(61.5)

31(12.3)

221(87.7)

 Military or student

95(53.4)

83(46.6)

113(63.5)

65(36.5)

91(51.1)

87(48.9)

67(37.6)

111(62.4)

81(45.5)

97(54.5)

 Unemployment or retired

148(58.0)

107(42.0)

182(71.4)

73(28.6)

138(54.1)

117(45.9)

79(31.0)

176(69.0)

112(43.9)

143(56.1)

 Other

216(55.2)

175(44.8)

305(78.0)

86(22.0)

270(69.1)

121(30.9)

182(46.5)

209(53.5)

204(52.2)

187(47.8)

Family monthly income per person (yuan)

18.62

0.005

  

54.29

<0.001

  

121.82

<0.001

  

35.49

<0.001

  

596.77

<0.001

 < 500

149(51.7)

139(48.3)

234(81.3)

54(18.8)

211(73.3)

77(26.7)

64(22.2)

224(77.8)

254(88.2)

34(11.8)

 500–999

187(48.8)

196(51.2)

305(79.6)

78(20.4)

271(70.8)

112(29.2)

137(35.8)

246(64.2)

254(66.3)

129(33.7)

 1,000–1,999

233(56.6)

179(43.4)

272(66.0)

140(34.0)

214(51.9)

198(48.1)

132(32.0)

280(68.0)

125(30.3)

287(69.7)

 2,000–4,999

306(59.0)

213(41.0)

332(64.0)

187(36.0)

223(43.0)

296(57.0)

202(38.9)

317(61.1)

96(18.5)

423(81.5)

 5,000–9,999

89(52.7)

80(47.3)

120(71.0)

49(29.0)

77(45.6)

92(54.4)

65(38.5)

104(61.5)

26(15.4)

143(84.6)

 ≥10,000

30(45.5)

36(54.5)

37(56.1)

29(43.9)

35(53.0)

31(47.0)

26(39.4)

40(60.6)

9(13.6)

57(86.4)

 Don’t know or refused to answer

211(61.0)

135(39.0)

254(73.4)

92(26.6)

219(63.3)

127(36.7)

147(42.5)

199(57.5)

214(61.8)

132(38.2)

Residential area

  

1.19

0.275

  

19.27

<0.001

  

57.04

<0.001

  

10.53

0.001

  

404.86

<0.001

 Urban

600(56.4)

464(43.6)

711(66.8)

353(33.2)

522(49.1)

542(50.9)

413(38.8)

651(61.2)

243(22.8)

821(77.2)

 Rural

605(54.1)

514(45.9)

843(75.3)

276(24.7)

728(65.1)

391(34.9)

360(32.2)

759(67.8)

735(65.7)

384(34.3)