Consistent condom use with regular, paying, and casual male partners and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Tamil Nadu, India: findings from an assessment of a large-scale HIV prevention program

Ramanathan, Shreena; Chakrapani, Venkatesan; Ramakrishnan, Lakshmi; Goswami, Prabuddhagopal; Yadav, Diwakar; Subramanian, Thilakavathi; George, Bitra; Paranjape, Ramesh

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-827

Table 2 Factors associated with reported consistent condom use among MSM with all three types of partners combined, regular, paying, and casual male partners in Tamil Nadu, 2009-2010

From: Consistent condom use with regular, paying, and casual male partners and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Tamil Nadu, India: findings from an assessment of a large-scale HIV prevention program

	^aAll three types of partners combined	^bRegular male partners	^cPaying male partners	^dCasual male partners
Indicators	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Socio-demographics
Education
Up to secondary education	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Above secondary	1.76 (0.92–3.37)	1.07 (0.70–1.62)	1.20 (0.81–1.79)	1.60 (0.86–2.97)
Age
≤25 years	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
26 years or older	0.31 (0.15–0.62)^**	0.54 (0.32–0.90)^*	0.72 (0.46–1.13)	0.45 (0.24–0.85)^*
Occupation
Agri/non-agricultural labor	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Student/unemployed/business/service/others	0.74 (0.37–1.47)	0.83 (0.53–1.30)	0.85 (0.56–1.27)	0.91 (0.48–1.71)
Marital status
Never married	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Ever married	2.34 (0.97–5.64)	1.13 (0.61–2.12)	0.73 (0.39–1.34)	0.93 (0.38–2.22
Self-identity
Panthi/DD/bisexual	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Kothi	0.85 (0.26–2.77)	0.81 (0.42–1.55)	0.66 (0.33–1.33)	0.70 (0.30–1.64)
In debt
No	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Yes	0.49 (0.24–0.99)^*	0.40 (0.25–0.64) ^**	0.54 (0.35–0.84)^**	0.55 (0.29–1.01)
Substance use
Alcohol consumption
No	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Yes	0.28 (0.14–0.58)^**	0.50 (0.30–0.85) ^*	0.35 (0.22–0.57) ^**	0.34 (0.17–0.67) ^**
Drug use
No	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Yes	0.18 (0.03–0.95)^*	0.46 (0.16–1.31)	0.63 (0.23–1.75)	0.18 (0.05–0.65) ^**
Frequency of receptive sex acts, no. of sex acts and no. of partners
Frequency of receptive sex with regular
male partner
Never/in-frequent	Referent	Referent	N/A	N/A
Frequent	2.17 (1.01–4.65)^*	1.25 (0.76–2.07)
No. of times had anal intercourse in past
week with paying male partner
<5	Referent	N/A	Referent	N/A
5 and above	1.77 (0.93–3.36)		1.31 (0.83–2.08)
Casual male partners in past month
7 and above	Referent	N/A	N/A	Referent
<7	3.41 (1.50–7.73)^**			0.90 (0.41–2.01)
Risk perception and exposure
Feels at risk of acquiring HIV
No	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Yes	1.31 (0.64–2.67)	1.40 (0.92–2.15)	1.92 (1.22–3.01) ^**	1.68 (0.90–3.15)
Membership in a community-based organization (CBO)
No	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Yes	3.54 (1.62–7.74)^**	1.96 (1.23–3.11) ^**	1.46 (0.94–2.27)	1.67 (0.84–3.31)
Knowledge of STI symptoms
Knows <3 symptoms	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Knows 3+ symptoms	1.51 (0.45–4.97)	2.00 (0.92–4.34)	1.19 (0.56–2.53)	0.77 (0.27–2.15)
Exposed to any HIV prevention intervention
No	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Yes	3.12 (0.48–19.91)	2.15 (0.81–5.65)	0.79 (0.35–1.77)	3.62 (1.31–10.00) ^*

^a‘All three types of partners combined’ here refers to having regular, paying, and casual male partners.
^bReported only by those who had regular male partners.
^CReported only by those who had paying male partners.
^dReported only by those who had casual male partners.
*p <.05, **p<.01.
N/A Not available.

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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