Table 4 Determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from logistic regression model
Characteristics | Case | Control | Crude OR | Adjusted OR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Number | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |
Individually adjusted for the remaining variables | ||||
Number of pulmonary TB episodes | ||||
One | 29 | 119 | 1 | 1 |
Two or more | 105 | 15 | 28.7 (14.6-56.5) | 31.8 (8.7-115.5) |
Ever interrupted anti-TB for at least a day | ||||
No | 41 | 124 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 93 | 10 | 28.1 (13.4-58.1) | 13.1 (3.0-56.6) |
Duration of first course of TB treatment (months) | ||||
2–7 | 25 | 3 | 10.0 (2.9-34.1) | 14.8 (2.3-96.4) |
≥8 | 109 | 131 | 1 | 1 |
Adjusted for all variables | ||||
Age when taking first-line anti-TB for the first time (years) | ||||
46–72 | 9 | 17 | 1 | 1 |
26–45 | 40 | 70 | 1.1 (0.4-2.6) | 1.4 (0.3-5.8) |
5–25 | 85 | 47 | 3.4 (1.4-8.3) | 4.6 (1.1-20.5) |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 85 | 60 | 2.5 (1.4-4.3) | 1.2 (0.5-3.3) |
Married | 32 | 56 | 1 | 1 |
Divorced/separated | 17 | 1 | 1.7 (0.75-3.7) | 3.1 (0.7-13.2) |
Educational status | ||||
Up to fourth grade | 15 | 24 | 1 | 1 |
Completed 5th–8th grade | 16 | 20 | 1.3 (0.5-3.2) | 1.2 (0.3-5.1) |
Completed 8th–10th grade | 27 | 25 | 1.7 (0.7- 4.0) | 1.4 (0.4-5.1) |
Above 10th grade | 76 | 64 | 1.9 (0.9-3.9) | 3.7 (1.1-12.1) |
Sex | ||||
Female | 53 | 70 | 1 | 1 |
Male | 81 | 64 | 1.7 (1.0-2.7) | 2.7 (1.1-6.5) |
Number of rooms in residence | ||||
4–9 | 16 | 34 | 1 | 1 |
2–3 | 57 | 63 | 1.9 (1.0-3.9) | 3.3 (1.0-10.9) |
1 | 61 | 37 | 3.5 (1.7-7.2) | 10.1 (2.0-49.4) |
Number of rooms in residence | ||||
4–9 | 16 | 34 | 1 | 1 |
2–3 | 57 | 63 | 1.9 (1.0-3.9) | 3.3 (1.0-10.9) |
1 | 61 | 37 | 3.5 (1.7-7.2) | 10.1 (2.0-49.4) |
Family size | ||||
1–3 | 57 | 49 | 1 | 1 |
4–6 | 57 | 70 | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) | 1.6 (0.5-5.0) |
7–11 | 20 | 15 | 1.2 (0.5-2.5) | 2.9 (0.7-13.0) |
HIV status | ||||
Negative | 116 | 94 | 2.7 (1.5-5.1) | 2.8 (0.9-8.5) |
Positive | 18 | 40 | 1 | 1 |
Site of TB infection during first episode | ||||
Extrapulmonary | 4 | 44 | 1 | 1 |
Pulmonary | 130 | 90 | 15.9 (5.5-45.8) | 10.9 (2.8-41.9) |
Encountered drug side effect | ||||
No | 67 | 109 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 67 | 25 | 4.4 (2.5-7.6) | 4.5 (1.9-10.5) |
Encountered shortage of drug | ||||
No | 106 | 124 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 28 | 10 | 3.3 (1.5-7.1) | 2.7 (0.8-9.5) |
Directly observed by health worker while taking anti-TB | ||||
Yes | 69 | 127 | 1 | 1 |
No | 65 | 7 | 17.1 (7.4-39.3) | 11.7 (4.0-34.3) |
Took the medication at a regular time | ||||
No | 69 | 127 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 65 | 7 | 17.1 (7.4-39.3) | 11.7 (4.0-34.3) |
Ever smoked cigarettes | ||||
No | 125 | 115 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 9 | 19 | 0.4 (0.19-1.0) | 0.4 (0.1-1.8) |