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Table 1 Summary of primary studies with HIV/HCV biomarkers

From: High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review

Study Information

Coverage

Pre-Implementation and Expansion

Post-Implementation and Expansion

Investigator

Location

Study Design

Syringes per PWID/Year1

Year

(n)

HIV prev.

HCV prev.

Estimated HIVinc.2

HCV inc.

Year

(n)

HIV prev.3

HCV prev.3

Estimated HIVinc.2

HCV inc.

Gray 1998 [25]

Chiang Rai, Thailand

Time Series Cross Sectional

150-160

1993

46

33%

   

1996

132

18% (15%)

   

Caiaffa 2003 [26]

Porto Alegre, Brazil

Pre-Post Study Comparison

6-20

1998

137

49%

   

2001

255

64.3% (+16%)

   

Wu 2007 [27]

Dagou, China

Pre-Post Study Comparison

290-300

2002

235

40%

99%

  

2003

226

34% (6%)

89% (10%)

  

Luzhai, China

Pre-Post Study Comparison

140-150

2002

194

56%

89%

  

2003

219

53% (3%)

85% (4%)

  

Azim 2008 [28]

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Time Series Cross Sectional

285-344

1990

418

2%

67%

  

2006

1092

7% (+5%)

57% (10%)

  

Azim 2009 [29]

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Time Series Cross Sectional

285-344

1999

418

   

1.2/100 PY

2007

1045

   

1.3/100 PY

Uuskula 2011 [30]

Tallinn, Estonia

Time Series Cross Sectional

23-78

2005

350

54%

 

20.9/100 PY

 

2009

327

50% (4%)

 

9/100 PY

 

Hammett 2012 [31]

Ning Ming, China

Time Series Cross Sectional

20-30

2002

290

17%

 

12/100 PY

 

2008

187

11% (6%)

 

11/100 PY

 
 

Lang Son, Vietnam

Time Series Cross Sectional

20-30

2002

342

46%

 

22/100 PY

 

2009

185

23% (23%)

 

3/100 PY

 
  1. 1. Syringes per PWID/Year are given as a range based on the first and last date of data collection in each primary study location.
  2. 2. Among new PWID (persons who had begun injecting in the previous 3 years, assumed to be HIV negative when they began injecting).
  3. 3. Post Implementation columns include follow-up biomarker information in addition to the difference from baseline to follow-up.