Skip to main content

Table 2 Methods adopted in the development of the scales included in the review

From: Urbanisation, urbanicity, and health: a systematic review of the reliability and validity of urbanicity scales

Study

Item development*

Content validity

Reliability+

Construct validity±

Exploratory factor analysis

Criterion validity

 

Literature review

Empirical study

Panel of experts

Review by target population. through, pre-tests, pilot studies

Panel of experts

Literature review

Internal consistency

Test-retest reliability

Item/ total correlation

   

Allender et al. 2011 [8]

Vavken et al. 2011 [37]

JC Jones-Smith et al. 2010 [34]

Antai et al. 2010 [39]

Monda et al. 2007 [23]

Van de Poel et al. 2012 [20]

Allender et al. 2010 [19]

Dahly et al. 2007 [3]

McDade et al. 2001 [4]

Liu et al. 2003 [36]

Van de Poel et al. 2009 [17]

  1. *No studies used focus groups, interview/key informant interview or authors personal preferences during item development; + no studies used split half reliability or inter-observer reliability during reliability assessment; ± no studies tested convergent validity or used principal component analysis of extreme group comparisons, confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant analysis or structural equation modelling to test construct validity.