High intensity interval running enhances measures of physical fitness but not metabolic measures of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy adolescents

Table 4 Biochemical characteristics: HIT and control group at baseline and post-intervention

Characteristic	Baseline	Post-intervention	Mean difference	Effect size	Within group	Between groups P-value
Characteristic	Baseline	Post-intervention	(95%CI)	(Power)	P- value	(Post-intervention)
Adiponectin (ng ml^-1)						0.985
HIT (37)	9.4 ± 6.1	7.6 ± 6.5	1.8 (-4.4 to 0.8)		0.162
Control (46)	8.1 ± 4.5	7.4 ± 6.2	0.6 (-2.3 to 1.0)		0.191
CRP (mg L^-1)						0.940
HIT (36	1.3 ± 1.2	1.6 ± 1.7	0.4 (-0.2 to 1.1)		0.192
Control (43)	1.4 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 1.6	0.2 (-0.4 to 0.8)		0.459
Glucose (mMol L^-1)						0.517
HIT (26)	4.9 ± 1.3	5.0 ± 1.2	0.1 (-0.6 to 0.7)		0.836
Control (38)	5.0 ± 1.0	5.2 ± 1.0	0.2 (-0.2 to 0.6)		0.434
HDL (mMol L^-1)						0.694
HIT (26)	1.4 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 1.1	0.3 (-0.1 to 0.7)		0.167
Control (36)	1.4 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 1.0	0.4 (-0.01 to 0.8)		0.056
Insulin (IU ml^-1)						0.235
HIT (24)	7.9 ± 7.5	8.5 ± 11.8	0.6 (-5.5 to 6.7)		0.764
Control (34)	7.3 ± 4.5	5.8 ± 4.2	1.5 (-3.6 to 0.6)		0.307
IL-6 (pg ml^-1)						0.495
HIT (27)	3.4 ± 4.1	2.9 ± 3.8	0.6 (-2.1 to 0.9)		0.788
Control (40)	3.8 ± 2.9	3.9 ± 7.9	0.2 (-2.6 to 2.9)		0.149
LDL (mMol L^-1)						0.402
HIT (24)	2.5 ± 1.5	1.5 ± 1.0	1.1 (-2.0 to -0.2)	0.51 (67.6%)	0.019
Control (33)	2.8 ± 1.8	1.7 ± 0.8	0.9 (-1.6 to -0.3)	0.51 (80.8%)	0.006
Total Cholesterol (mMol L^-1)						0.182
HIT (28)	4.5 ± 1.8	3.8 ± 1.2	0.7 (-1.6 to 0.2)		0.149
Control (40)	4.2 ± 1.6	3.5 ± 1.3	0.7 (-1.5 to -0.05)	0.34 (56.1%)	0.036
Triglycerides (mMol L^-1)						0.609
HIT (29)	1.0 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.4	0.1 (-0.1 to 0.3)		0.172
Control (41)	1.0 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.5	0.05 (-0.1 to 0.2)		0.526

Abbreviations: HIT High Intensity group, CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IL-6 interleukin-6, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Paired samples t-test was used to establish differences between post-intervention measures for each group. ANCOVA was used to test differences between the groups at post-intervention adjusted for the covariates (baseline age, sex, maturation, physical activity, total dietary fat, saturated fat and kcal/d difference as well as differences in waist circumference and shuttle run score) where appropriate.

ISSN: 1471-2458