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Table 1 Usual gait speed and fast gait speed groups, sub-divided into slower, intermediate and faster groups (n = 385)

From: Gait speed correlates in a multiracial population of community-dwelling older adults living in Brazil: a cross-sectional population-based study

   

Usual gait speed

  

Fast gait speed

 

Characteristics

General

Slower

Intermediate

Faster

p

Slower

Intermediate

Faster

p

 

(N=385)

(N=75)

(N=207)

(N=103)

 

(N=58)

(N=218)

(N=109)

 

Demographics

         

Age, years

71.4 (5.7)

75.0 (7.1)

70.8 (5.0)

69.8 (4.7)

<0.001

74.7 (6.6)

71.2 (5.4)

69.9 (4.8)

<0.001

Female, n (%)

248 (64.4)

52 (69.3)

151 (72.9)

45 (43.7)

<0.001

45 (77.6)

158 (72.5)

45 (41.3)

<0.001

Illiterate, n (%)

111 (28.9)

29 (38.7)

61 (31.8)

21 (20.4)

0.028

22 (37.9)

69 (31.8)

20 (18.3)

0.011

Income level

         

0.0–1.0

189 (51.5)

41 (56.9)

109 (55.3)

39 (39.8)

0.103

32 (59.3)

115 (55.6)

42 (39.6)

0.003

1.1–3.0

128 (34.9)

23 (31.9)

64 (32.5)

41 (41.8)

 

19 (35.2)

70 (33.8)

39 (36.8)

 

≥ 3.1

50 (13.6)

8 (11.1)

24 (12.2)

18 (18.4)

 

3 (5.6)

22 (10.6)

25 (23.6)

 

Race/ethnicity, n (%)

         

White

184 (47.8)

37 (49.3)

105 (50.7)

42 (40.8)

0.531

28 (48.3)

106 (48.6)

50 (45.9)

0.499

Black

43 (11.2)

11 (14.7)

18 (8.7)

14 (13.6)

 

10 (17.2)

21 (9.6)

12 (11.0)

 

Pardo or brown

143 (37.1)

24 (32.0)

76 (36.7)

43 (41.7)

 

17 (29.3)

85 (39.0)

41 (37.6)

 

Mental health

         

MMSE score, points

23.9 (3.5)

22.2 (3.7)

23.9 (3.3)

25.1 (3.3)

<0.001

22.1 (3.7)

23.7 (3.3)

25.2 (3.1)

<0.001

Depressive symptoms, n (%)

76 (19.7)

17 (22.7)

47 (22.7)

12 (11.7)

0.001

17 (29.3)

43 (19.7)

16 (14.7)

0.077

High concern of falling, n (%)

192 (49.9)

55 (73.3)

109 (52.7)

28 (27.2)

<0.001

43 (74.1)

118 (54.1)

31 (28.4)

<0.001

Physical health

         

Heart disease, n (%)

77 (20)

19 (25.3)

42 (20.3)

16 (15.5)

0.269

40 (69.0)

49 (22.5)

16 (14.7)

0.249

Hypertension, n (%)

249 (64.7)

52 (69.3)

135 (65.2)

62 (60.2)

0.44

8 (13.8)

150 (68.8)

59 (54.1)

0.025

Stroke, n (%)

28 (7.3)

11 (14.7)

13 (6.3)

4 (3.9)

0.017

22 (37.9)

17 (7.8)

3 (2.8)

0.029

Diabetes, n (%)

110 (28.6)

33 (44.0)

56 (27.1)

21 (20.4)

0.002

21 (36.2)

66 (30.3)

22 (20.2)

0.038

Arthritis, n (%)

89 (23.1)

27 (36.0)

48 (23.2)

14 (13.6)

0.002

4 (6.9)

55 (25.2)

13 (11.9)

0.001

Lung disease, n (%)

37 (9.6)

9 (12.0)

18 (8.7)

10 (9.7)

0.714

23 (39.7)

23 (10.6)

10 (9.2)

0.685

Urinary incontinence, n (%)

72 (18.8)

29 (38.7)

34 (16.4)

9 (8.8)

<0.001

33 (56.9)

37 (17)

12 (11)

<0.001

“Very good” and “Good” self rated health, n (%)

203 (52.7)

33 (44.0)

107 (51.7)

63 (61.2)

0.15

24 (41.4)

116 (53.2)

63 (57.8)

0.086

Two or more falls, n (%)

59 (15.3)

17 (22.7)

35 (16.9)

7 (6.8)

0.01

30 (51.7)

34 (15.6)

9 (8.3)

0.004

Single fall, n (%)

153 (39.7)

33 (44.0)

85 (41.1)

35 (34)

0.342

2.95 (1.51)

86 (39.4)

37 (33.9)

0.081

Three or more diseases, n (%)

140 (36.6)

43 (58.1)

75 (36.4)

22 (21.6)

<0.001

33 (56.9)

84 (38.9)

23 (21.3)

<0.001

Polypharmacy

133 (34.5)

39 (52.0)

70 (33.8)

24 (23.3)

<0.001

30 (51.7)

80 (36.7)

23 (21.1)

<0.001

Fatigue, n (%)

43 (11.2)

12 (16.0)

27 (13.0)

4 (3.9)

0.018

10 (17.2)

28 (12.8)

5 (4.6)

0.023

Physical functioning

         
 

77 (20)

31 (41.3)

37 (17.9)

9 (8.7)

<0.001

25 (43.1)

38 (17.4)

14 (12.8)

<0.001

Low PAL

         

Impaired ADL, n (%)

25 (6.6)

11 (15.1)

11 (5.3)

3 (3.0)

0.004

10 (17.9)

12 (5.5)

3 92.8)

0.001

  1. Abbreviations: MMSE: Mini-Mental Score Examination; PAL: Physical Activity Level; ADL: Activities of Daily Living.
  2. Income level is presented as monthly income measured in multiples of the minimum wage (US$ 290 in 2009).
  3. Continuous and discrete variables were compared using one-way ANOVA.
  4. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-squared test.
  5. p<0.05.