| Neonatal mortality rate | Annual rate of reduction | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NFHS 1996 | NDHS 2001 | NDHS 2006 | NDHS 2011 | (1996–2011) | |
Child sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Male | 65.1 | 51.8 | 38.6 | 36.9 | 3.8 |
  Female | 49.6 | 42.6 | 36.8 | 33.1 | 2.7 |
  Rate difference | 15.5 | 9.2 | 1.8 | 3.8 | na |
  Rate ratio | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | na |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Urban | 43.2 | 35.9 | 24.6 | 25.3 | 3.6 |
  Rural | 58.5 | 48.1 | 39.6 | 36.2 | 3.2 |
  Rate difference | 15.3 | 12.2 | 15.0 | 10.9 | na |
  Rate ratio | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.4 | na |
Ecological region | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Mountain | 70.8 | 63.7 | 58.9 | 45.6 | 2.9 |
  Hill | 50.3 | 41.9 | 28.6 | 32.9 | 2.8 |
  Terai | 61.7 | 49 | 41.4 | 35.1 | 3.8 |
  Rate difference | 20.5 | 21.8 | 30.3 | 12.7 | na |
  Rate ratio | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.4 | na |
Development region | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Eastern | 56.7 | 50.1 | 32.5 | 29.3 | 4.4 |
  Central | 55.5 | 47.6 | 34.8 | 36.7 | 2.8 |
  Western | 52.0 | 38.9 | 34.5 | 37.0 | 2.3 |
  Mid-western | 63.0 | 40.3 | 55.9 | 33.6 | 4.2 |
  Far-western | 67.0 | 63.8 | 39.7 | 40.9 | 3.3 |
  Rate difference | 15.0 | 24.9 | 23.4 | 11.6 | na |
  Rate ratio | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.4 | na |
Maternal education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  No education | 59.5 | 51.1 | 43.3 | 40.3 | 2.6 |
  Primary | 51.6 | 41.1 | 34.1 | 33.6 | 2.9 |
  Secondary or higher | 41.6 | 24.3 | 20.3 | 26.2 | 3.1 |
  Rate difference | 17.9 | 26.8 | 23.0 | 14.1 | na |
  Rate ratio | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 | na |
Wealth status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Poorest | 56.4 | 48.5 | 42.7 | 35.6 | 3.1 |
  Poorer | 63.4 | 56.0 | 37.6 | 40.0 | 3.1 |
  Middle | 65.8 | 46.9 | 46.9 | 39.2 | 3.5 |
  Richer | 53.3 | 47.2 | 30.4 | 36.9 | 2.5 |
  Richest | 47.0 | 32.1 | 26.3 | 18.6 | 6.2 |
  Rate difference | 18.8 | 23.9 | 20.6 | 21.4 | na |
  Rate ratio | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.2 | na |
Caste and ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Brahmin, Chhetri, Newar | 52.6 | 43.9 | 33.1 | 31.0 | 3.5 |
  Dalits | 58.1 | 51.6 | 43.9 | 36.4 | 3.1 |
  Janajati | 51.7 | 47.9 | 34.0 | 34.6 | 2.7 |
  Other | 72.2 | 49.2 | 44.5 | 42.6 | 3.5 |
  Rate difference | 20.5 | 7.7 | 11.4 | 11.6 | na |
  Rate ratio | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | na |
National | 57.5 | 47.2 | 37.7 | 35.1 | 3.3 |