From: Out-of-pocket healthcare payments on chronic conditions impoverish urban poor in Bangalore, India
Independent variables* | Odds ratio (95%CI) for incurring financial catastrophe at different thresholds | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | |
Poorest/first quintile | 3.7 (2.8, 5) | 3.7 (2.6, 5.3) | 7.8 (4.5, 14.5) | 47 (12.2, 397.2) |
(Least poor/fifth quintile) | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05** |
Below poverty line card holders | 1.5 (1.1, 2) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.3) | 2.7 (1.8, 4) |
(Above poverty line card holders) | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 |
Government sector*** | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 1 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.4 (1, 2) |
(Private sector) | p=0.44 | p=0.89 | p=0.16 | p=0.05 |
Super-specialty hospitals | 1.9 (1.5, 2.4) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.8) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.2) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.4) |
(Clinics/Health centres) | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 |
Referral hospitals | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.7, 3.2) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) |
(Clinics/Health centres) | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 |
Households with four or less members | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.2) | 2.2 (1.7, 2.8) | 2.2 (1.7, 2.9) |
(Households with more than four members) | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 | p<0.05 |