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Table 4 Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) for Average and High Mental Wellbeing by Dwelling Type and Perceived Housing Quality

From: Exploring the relationships between housing, neighbourhoods and mental wellbeing for residents of deprived areas

 

Adjusted for confounders*

Reciprocally adjusted**

 

Average vs. low

High vs. low

p-value

Average vs. low

High vs. low

p-value

House type

      

   High-rise flat

1

1

 

1

1

 

   Low-rise flat

1.13 (0.86, 1.49)

1.04 (0.69, 1.56)

 

0.96 (0.77, 1.19)

0.86 (0.56, 1.31)

 

   4-in-a-block

1.58 (0.95, 2.62)

1.74 (0.79, 3.84)

 

1.26 (0.76, 2.08)

1.17 (0.48, 2.83)

 

   House

1.99 (1.50, 2.65)

1.84 (1.07, 3.16)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.23, 1.98)

1.02 (0.55, 1.90)

0.03

Number of internal problems

     

   None

1

1

 

1

1

 

   1 or 2

0.80 (0.62, 1.03)

0.86 (0.59, 1.25)

 

0.94 (0.72, 1.23)

1.24 (0.83, 1.86)

 

   3+

0.41 (0.28, 0.59)

0.40 (0.29, 0.56)

< 0.001

0.69 (0.50, 0.95)

0.84 (0.56, 1.26)

0.01

Number of external problems

     

   None

1

1

 

1

1

 

   One

0.77 (0.59, 1.02)

0.58 (0.42, 0.81)

 

0.97 (0.76, 1.23)

1.01 (0.70, 1.45)

 

   2+

0.37 (0.25, 0.54)

0.35 (0.25, 0.50)

< 0.001

0.45 (0.28, 0.72)

0.73 (0.34, 1.57)

0.02

Home improvements

     

   No

1

1

 

1

1

 

   Yes (< very sat)

0.99 (0.79, 1.24)

0.52 (0.41, 0.64)

 

1.12 (0.90, 1.38)

0.67 (0.55, 0.81)

 

   Yes (very sat)

1.02 (0.76, 1.37)

1.10 (0.83, 1.46)

< 0.001

1.07 (0.80, 1.44)

0.90 (0.66, 1.22)

< 0.001

Access to garden

      

   No garden

1

1

 

1

1

 

   Shared garden

1.55 (1.14, 2.12)

1.36 (0.78, 2.37)

 

1.20 (0.93, 1.56)

1.15 (0.60, 2.19)

 

   Own garden

1.56 (1.22, 2.00)

1.64 (1.07, 2.50)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.74, 1.26)

1.03 (0.67, 1.56)

0.67

Insulation

      

   Poor

1

1

 

1

1

 

   Neither

1.54 (1.16, 2.05)

1.26 (0.86, 1.84)

 

0.97 (0.74, 1.27)

0.94 (0.60, 1.46)

 

   Fairly good

2.46 (1.68, 3.61)

1.98 (1.28, 3.05)

 

1.10 (0.81, 1.48)

1.07 (0.68, 1.68)

 

   Very good

2.51 (1.69, 3.72)

5.20 (3.17, 8.54)

< 0.001

1.02 (0.73, 1.43)

1.54 (0.96, 2.47)

0.01

External repair

      

   Poor

1

1

 

1

1

 

   Neither

0.85 (0.65, 1.13)

0.66 (0.49, 0.89)

 

0.46 (0.37, 0.59)

0.39 (0.27, 0.57)

 

   Fairly good

1.73 (1.21, 2.47)

1.25 (0.86, 1.82)

 

0.69 (0.53, 0.89)

0.51 (0.35, 0.76)

 

   Very good

2.14 (1.50, 3.06)

3.86 (2.42, 6.16)

< 0.001

0.85 (0.60, 1.20)

0.87 (0.51, 1.48)

< 0.001

External appearance

     

   Poor

1

1

 

1

1

 

   Neither

1.49 (1.16, 1.92)

1.34 (1.02, 1.76)

 

0.95 (0.70, 1.28)

1.35 (0.86, 2.11)

 

   Fairly good

2.09 (1.50, 2.90)

2.37 (1.70, 3.30)

 

0.91 (0.63, 1.33)

1.73 (1.05, 2.85)

 

   Very good

2.36 (1.71, 3.25)

7.01 (4.94, 9.95)

< 0.001

0.90 (0.55, 1.49)

2.62 (1.33, 5.14)

< 0.001

Front door

      

   Poor

1

1

 

1

1

 

   Neither

1.38 (0.99, 1.93)

1.10 (0.67, 1.78)

 

0.96 (0.61, 1.50)

1.00 (0.53, 1.87)

 

   Fairly good

2.46 (1.55, 3.89)

2.60 (1.55, 4.38)

 

1.38 (0.88, 2.15)

1.84 (1.01, 3.34)

 

   Very good

2.23 (1.45, 3.41)

5.03 (2.96, 8.54)

< 0.001

1.24 (0.83, 1.85)

2.10 (1.16, 3.77)

< 0.001

  1. * Adjusted for socio-demographic variables
  2. ** Adjusted for socio-demographic variables and for perceived housing quality