Health inequalities in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study of the role of Type D (distressed) personality

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Weighted prevalence of Type D personality

Characteristic	Region
	West-Brabant	's-Hertogenbosch
	% Type D	% Type D
Highest completed education
None or primary school	31.0	34.1
Lower general secondary or lower vocational school	23.6	20.3
Higher general secondary school, intermediate vocational school, or pre-university	19.0	20.8
Higher vocational (Bachelor) or university (Master)	14.4	14.1
Net monthly household income
≤ € 850	32.8	23,3
€851-€1,150	30.1	24.0
€1,150-€1,750	21.8	21.4
€1,751-€3,050	17.6	21.6
€3,051-€3,500	10.9	12.3
≥ €3,501	13.3	11.5
Doesn't want to tell	19.3	14.0
Tobacco smoking
Current	23.9	17.9
Former	19.1	21.8
Never	18.7	17.9
Alcohol consumption
Unsafe^a	16.3	8.9
Safe	19.1	18.2
Abstains	29.3	32.6
Yes, amount unknown	21.7	18.4
Body Mass Index
< 30 kg/m²	19.9	18.0
≥ 30 kg/m²	24.1	26.8
Self-assessed health
Excellent	5.4	3.8
Very good	9.7	13.0
Good	20.5	17.8
Fair	44.0	43.0
Poor	55.7	50.0
At least one chronic disease^b
Yes, diagnosed by physician	23.4	21.9
No/not diagnosed by physician	17.6	15.6
Diabetes
Yes, diagnosed by physician	19.7	18.2
No/not diagnosed by physician	20.2	18.7
Cardiovascular disease^c
Yes, diagnosed by physician	23.4	16.7
No/not diagnosed by physician	20.2	18.5
Psychological distress
None or low (K10 score 10-15)		7.8
Moderate (K10 score 16-29)		37.7
High (K10 score 30-50)		64.5

a > 21 glasses alcoholic beverages weekly for men; > 14 glasses alcoholic beverages weekly for women
b during the last 12 months, from among the following 18 chronic diseases: 1) diabetes; 2) stroke, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack; 3) myocardial infarction; 4) other severe heart disorder, such as heart failure or angina pectoris; 5) cancer; 6) migraine or regular severe headaches; 7) high blood pressure; 8) constriction of the blood vessels in stomach or legs (not varicose veins); 9) asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, or COPD; 10) severe or persistent intestinal disorders, for than 3 months; 11) psoriasis; 12) chronic eczema; 13) incontinence; 14) severe or persistent back disorders (including slipped disc); 15) articular degeneration of hips or knees; 16) chronic arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, chronic rheumatism); 17) other severe or persistent disorder of neck or shoulder; 18) other severe or persistent disorder of elbow, wrist, or hand
c based on three questions: (1) stroke, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) other severe heart disorder, such as heart failure of angina pectoris

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