Table 3 The multiple regression models about confidence level as to the avoidance of household SHS exposure among third through sixth graders in southern Taiwan, arranged according to survey year and gender
Model | Wave 1 | Wave 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | |||||
β | (95% CI) | β | (95% CI) | β | (95% CI) | β | (95% CI) | |
Model 1 | ||||||||
Grade | ||||||||
3 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
4 | -0.40 | (-0.71,-0.09) | -0.35 | (-0.64,-0.06) | 0.17 | (-0.16,0.51) | -0.32 | (-0.62,-0.03) |
5 | -0.13 | (-0.44, 0.17) | -0.83 | (-1.13,-0.53) | -0.09 | (-0.43,0.25) | -0.29 | (-0.59,-0.00) |
6 | -0.90 | (-1.21,-0.59) | -1.01 | (-1.30,-0.72) | -0.27 | (-0.60,0.07) | -0.79 | (-1.09,-0.50) |
School geography | ||||||||
Urban | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Rural | -0.08 | (-0.32,0.17) | 0.19 | (-0.05,0.42) | 0.09 | (-0.18,0.35) | 0.02 | (-0.22,0.25) |
Mountain | -0.06 | (-0.44,0.32) | 0.23 | (-0.16,0.62) | -0.25 | (-0.72,0.23) | -0.04 | (-0.48,0.39) |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Non-aboriginal | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Aboriginal | -0.08 | (-0.52,0.36) | 0.30 | (-0.10,0.70) | 0.63 | (0.24,1.01) | 0.32 | (-0.04,0.69) |
Mother's educational attainment | ||||||||
College or higher | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
High school | -0.02 | (-0.37,0.34) | -0.27 | (-0.62,0.08) | 0.10 | (-0.24,0.45) | -0.35 | (-0.68,-0.02) |
Lower than high school | 0.24 | (-0.22,0.69) | -0.05 | (-0.45,0.35) | -0.14 | (-0.56,0.29) | 0.10 | (-0.30,0.49) |
Father's educational attainment | ||||||||
College or higher | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
High school | 0.02 | (-0.31,0.36) | 0.01 | (-0.31,0.32) | -0.14 | (-0.46,0.18) | 0.11 | (-0.18,0.39) |
Lower than high school | 0.11 | (-0.29,0.52) | -0.00 | (-0.37,0.37) | -0.12 | (-0.52,0.29) | -0.18 | (-0.52,-0.16) |
Monthly household income | ||||||||
High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Middle | -0.07 | (-0.40,0.26) | 0.10 | (-0.21,0.40) | -0.24 | (-0.57,0.09) | 0.00 | (-0.30,0.30) |
Low | -0.07 | (-0.40,0.25) | 0.22 | (-0.06,0.50) | -0.19 | (-0.50,0.12) | 0.14 | (-0.15,0.43) |
Model 2 | ||||||||
Children smoking status | ||||||||
Never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Ever | -0.13 | (-0.44,0.19) | -0.29 | (-0.66,0.08) | -0.37 | (-0.72,-0.01) | -0.11 | (-0.52,0.30) |
Model 3 | ||||||||
Household SHS exposure | ||||||||
None | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
1-3 days/week | -0.05 | (-0.39,0.28) | -0.15 | (-0.47,0.17) | 0.08 | (-0.27,0.43) | -0.06 | (-0.40,0.28) |
4+ days/week | -0.36 | (-0.68,-0.04) | -0.44 | (-0.77,-0.11) | -0.34 | (-0.68,0.00) | -0.47 | (-0.81,-0.14) |
Family smokes | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Smoking in front of me | ||||||||
Never | -0.03 | (-0.68,-0.04) | -0.05 | (-0.39,0.30) | -0.12 | (-0.52,0.28) | -0.05 | (-0.41,0.32) |
Sometimes | -0.10 | (-0.43,0.23) | -0.05 | (-0.38,0.28) | 0.02 | (-0.33,0.36) | -0.28 | (-0.62,0.06) |
Always | -0.23 | (-0.60,0.14) | -0.32 | (-0.70,0.07) | -0.27 | (-0.64,0.10) | -0.24 | (-0.62,0.15) |
Model 4 | ||||||||
Attitude toward smoking | -0.06 | (-0.08,-0.03) | -0.06 | (-0.09,-0.03) | -0.05 | (-0.07,-0.02) | -0.06 | (-0.09,-0.04) |
Model 5 | ||||||||
Knowledge of tobacco hazards | 0.13 | (0.09,0.18) | 0.05 | (-0.01,0.10) | 0.14 | (0.09,0.19) | 0.07 | (0.02,0.12) |