Table 3 Characteristics of studies
Author (Year) | Mode of data collection | Sample size | Diagnosis | CAM Modalities Investigated | Prevalence* (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ackman et al. (1999) | Standardised, self-administered survey | 180 | CHF | Vitamins/minerals, nutritional supplements, health food or herbal products; OTC medication | 59^ |
Ai et al. (2004) | Combination face-to-face interviews and telephone survey | 225 | Cardiac surgery | Relaxation, spiritual healing, herbal medicine, megavitamins, acupuncture, chiropractic, massage, biofeedback, hypnosis, imagery, homeopathy; includes exercise. | 80.9 |
Albert et al. (2009) | Structured telephone or face-to-face interview | 374 | Heart failure | Vitamins, minerals, herbal products, OTC medication | 11.5 ^^ |
Amira & Okubadejo (2007) | Semi-structured interview (face-to-face) | 225 | Hypertension | NIH Categories: whole medical systems, mind-body therapies; dietary supplements & herbs; energy therapy and manipulation & touch therapy; plus sub-categories. | 39.1 |
Artz et al. (2006) | Combination of standardised survey (face-to-face) and medical records | 315 | CVD | Non-vitamin/mineral dietary supplement, vitamin/mineral dietary supplement. | 4 |
Barraco et al. (2005) | Semi-structured face-to-face interview | 223 | CAD | Folk remedies, herbal therapy, homeopathy, megavitamin therapy (not daily vitamin), minerals (not calcium or iron), native American medicine, Tibetan medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (includes exercise and prayer as CAM) | 63 |
Blackmer and Jefromova (2002) | Standardised telephone survey | 136 | Stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage | Acupuncture, massage, chiropractic, reflexology, magnetic therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, herbal supplements, vitamins, spiritual healing, reiki, chelation, relaxation | 26.5 |
Buettner et al. (2007) | Combination of standardised survey (face-to-face) and medical examination; part of the annual National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | 1066 | CAD or Stroke | Vitamins, minerals, other dietary supplements | 61 |
Chagan et al. (2005) | Structured face-to-face interview | 198 | CVD | Biologically based therapies (herbal medicine, Vitamins & minerals) | 42 |
Dal Corso et al. (2007) | Semi-structured face-to-face interview | 153 | CHF | Herbal remedies, integrators (vitamins, minerals, salts), OTC medications | 30^ |
Decker et al. (2007) | Combination of face-to-face interview, and medical records. | 596 | CAD | Biofeedback, acupuncture, relaxation therapy, home remedies, and chelation therapy | 19 |
Gohar et al. (2008) | Standardised, self administered survey | 153 | Hypertension | NIH Categories: whole medical systems, mind-body therapies; dietary supplements & herbs; energy therapy and manipulation & touch therapy; (includes prayer) | 37.9 |
Greenfield et al. (2008) | Standardised, self administered survey; | 422 | CVD | Open ended question on CAM; vitamins & minerals, exercise, acupuncture, homeopathy, chiropractic, massage | 9.2 |
Krasuski et al. (2006) | Standardised, self administered survey | 210 | CVD | Herbal medications, vitamin supplements (unless prescribed), dietary supplements, visits to alternative medicine providers | 54 |
Lee and Kim (2009) | Structured face-to-face interviews | 1434 | Hypertension | Dietary supplements | 23.7 |
Leung et al. (2008) | Standardised, self administered survey (mail out) | 661 | CAD | Mind-body therapy: meditation, yoga, qigong, tai chi, relaxation techniques, deep breathing exercise, visualisation, guided imagery, quiet sitting, mantra, muscle relaxation, and other (not including prayer) | 35.1 |
Liu et al. (2000) | Standardised, self administered survey | 263 | Cardiac surgery | Ayurveda, Acupuncture, Biofeedback, Chelation, Chiropractic, Energy healing, guided imagery, Herbs, Homeopathy, Hypnosis, Massage therapy, Meditation/relaxation, Naturopathy, Nutritional therapy, Prayer/pastoral counselling, qi gong, reflexology, tai chi, vitamins, yoga, other | 75 |
Martinez-Selles et al. (2004) | Standardised, self administered survey | 65 | CHF | CAM use was asked in the context of “use of over the counter drugs and alternative medicine” | 12 |
Pharand et al. (2003) | Structured face-to-face interviews | 306 | CVD | Vitamins or mineral products, nutritional supplements, health food or herbal products (home remedies, oriental remedies) | 22.9^ |
Quan et al. (2001) | Standardised, self administered survey | 5854 | CAD | Chelation therapy | 7.9 |
Shafiq et al. (2003) | Structured structured face-to-face interviews | 521 | Hypertension | Ayurvedic medicine, herbal medicine, homeopathy, spiritual healing, diet therapy and acupuncture | 63.9 |
Stys et al. (2004) | Physician interview | 187 | CVD | Vitamin, mineral or herbal supplements | 57 |
Wong et al. (2003) | Physician interview | 107 | CVD | Herbal medicine | 26 |
Wood et al. (2003) | Combination of structured phone interview, medical records as part of a larger study: Improving Cardiovascular Health in Nova Scotia (ICONS) | 107 | CVD | Megavitamins, Herbal therapy, Other nutritional supplements, Chiropractic, Massage therapy, Acupuncture, Homeopathy, Folk remedies, Exercise, Energy healing, Chelation,Biofeedback, Relaxation therapy, Spiritual healing, Hypnosis, Self-help groups (includes exercise) | 64 |
*Yeh et al. (2006) | Structured face-to-face interview; 2002 National Health Interview Survey | 10572 | CVD | NIH Categories: whole medical systems, mind-body therapies; dietary supplements & herbs; energy therapy and manipulation & touch therapy; (excluding prayer) | 36 |
Yilmaz et al. (2007) | Semi-structured face-to-face interview | 310 | CVD | Herbal medicine | 26.5 |
Zick et al. (2005) | Standardised, self administered survey | 252 | CHF | Herbs, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, other | 32.5 |