Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics (mean value or percentage) of 9,981 Chinese adults (≥ 50 years) by socioeconomic position at four life stages in women and men from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study, phase 3, 2006-2008

From: Life-course origins of social inequalities in adult immune cell markers of inflammation in a developing southern Chinese population: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

  

Socio-economic position in:

 
  

Childhood(Parental possession of a watch, sewing machine, and bicycle)

Early Adulthood (Education*)

Late Adulthood (Occupation)

Current (Household Income per Head)

 

No.

0 items

1+ items

Unknown

p †

Low

High

p †

Manual

Non-manual

Unknown

p †

Low

High

Unknown

p †

Women

                

Number of participants

7445

4084

3123

238

 

3057

4386

 

5225

1211

1009

 

3025

3141

1279

 

Mean (SD)

                

White blood cells (109/L)

7445

6.38(1.5)

6.13(1.5)

6.36(1.4)

<0.001

6.52(1.6)

6.10(1.5)

<0.001

6.33(1.5)

6.04(1.4)

6.25(1.5)

<0.001

6.38(1.6)

6.12(1.5)

6.41(1.6)

<0.001

Granulocytes (109/L)

7445

3.79(1.2)

3.62(1.2)

3.71(1.1)

<0.001

3.89(1.2)

3.60(1.1)

<0.001

3.76(1.2)

3.53(1.1)

3.71(1.2)

<0.001

3.79(1.2)

3.60(1.1)

3.84(1.2)

<0.001

Lymphocytes (109/L)

7445

2.19(0.6)

2.15(0.6)

2.26(0.6)

<0.001

2.22(0.6)

2.14(0.6)

<0.001

2.18(0.6)

2.15(0.6)

2.18(0.6)

0.227

2.20(0.6)

2.16(0.6)

2.16(0.6)

0.008

Leg length (cm)

7430

69.7(3.8)

69.8(3.6)

69.8(4.3)

0.393

69.6(3.8)

69.8(3.7)

0.008

69.7(3.7)

69.9(3.6)

69.6(3.8)

0.202

69.6(3.8)

69.8(3.6)

69.6(3.8)

0.099

Sitting height (cm)

7431

83.7(3.6)

85.1(3.1)

84.1(3.7)

<0.001

83.1(3.6)

85.1(3.1)

<0.001

84.0(3.5)

85.0(3.3)

84.6(3.3)

<0.001

83.9(3.5)

85.0(3.2)

83.5(3.7)

<0.001

Row%

                

Age group (years)

                

50-54

2644

36.0

60.7

3.3

 

17.9

82.1

 

65.0

18.5

16.5

 

36.0

53.0

11.1

 

55-59

1892

52.7

44.5

2.7

 

39.1

60.9

 

69.8

17.2

12.9

 

39.0

44.2

16.8

 

60-64

1133

64.9

32.7

2.5

 

51.5

48.5

 

73.8

14.7

11.6

 

46.5

34.6

18.9

 

65-69

833

74.5

21.5

4.0

 

63.5

36.4

 

76.1

13.8

10.1

 

46.2

29.7

24.1

 

70-74

621

82.8

13.4

3.9

 

75.7

24.3

 

75.0

13.7

11.3

 

44.8

28.3

26.9

 

75-79

228

82.0

14.5

3.5

 

81.1

18.4

 

75.9

10.5

13.6

 

49.1

25.0

25.9

 

80+

94

80.9

12.8

6.4

<0.001

81.9

18.1

<0.001

81.9

5.3

12.8

<0.001

37.2

34.0

28.7

<0.001

Alcohol use

                

Never

3981

57.9

39.1

3.1

 

45.9

54.1

 

71.7

15.2

13.1

 

43.8

37.8

18.4

 

<1/week

2811

49.8

47.1

3.2

 

33.8

66.2

 

67.4

18.1

14.5

 

36.7

48.4

14.9

 

1-4/week

162

53.1

40.7

6.2

 

35.2

64.8

 

72.8

16.7

10.5

 

35.8

47.5

16.7

 

5+/week

126

63.5

33.3

3.2

 

43.7

56.3

 

70.6

13.5

15.9

 

34.1

46.8

19.0

 

Ex-drinker

196

62.8

34.7

2.6

<0.001

50.5

49.5

<0.001

78.1

11.2

10.7

0.001

44.4

35.2

20.4

<0.001

Unknown

169

54.4

40.8

4.7

 

41.4

57.4

 

68.6

17.8

13.6

 

36.1

43.2

20.7

 

Smoking status

                

Never

7192

54.5

42.4

3.1

 

40.1

59.9

 

70.0

16.4

13.5

 

40.4

42.5

17.1

 

Ex-smoker

95

76.8

18.9

4.2

 

87.4

12.6

 

77.9

6.3

15.8

 

46.3

27.4

26.3

 

Current

106

63.2

28.3

8.5

<0.001

65.1

34.9

<0.001

79.2

12.3

8.5

0.013

55.7

27.4

17.0

<0.001

Unknown

52

48.1

46.2

5.8

 

38.5

57.7

 

61.5

17.3

21.2

 

34.6

51.9

13.5

 

Physical activity

                

Inactive

626

55.4

40.7

3.8

 

42.8

56.9

 

71.4

15.8

12.8

 

40.3

38.0

21.7

 

Minimally active

1848

54.9

42.0

3.1

 

41.5

58.5

 

70.1

17.4

12.6

 

41.7

41.3

16.9

 

HEPA active $

4971

54.8

42.1

3.2

0.877

40.7

59.3

0.520

70.1

15.9

14.0

0.450

40.3

43.0

16.7

0.249

 

Socio-economic position in

  

Childhood(Parental possession of a watch, sewing machine, and bicycle

Early Adulthood (Education*)

Late Adulthood (Occupation)

Current (Household Income per Head)

 

No.

0 items

1+ items

Unknown

p †

Low

High

p †

Manual

Non-manual

Unknown

p †

Low

High

Unknown

p †

Men

                

Number of participants

2536

1664

812

60

 

730

1803

 

1581

791

164

 

1131

1035

370

 

Mean (SD)

                

White blood cells (109/L)

2536

6.85(1.7)

6.86(1.7)

6.74(1.5)

0.878

7.01(1.7)

6.79(1.7)

0.010

6.87(1.7)

6.75(1.7)

7.15(1.9)

0.021

6.93(1.7)

6.73(1.7)

6.95(1.7)

0.012

Granulocytes (109/L)

2536

4.21(1.4)

4.14(1.4)

4.17(1.1)

0.439

4.38(1.4)

4.11(1.3)

<0.001

4.21(1.4)

4.10(1.3)

4.40(1.6)

0.018

4.27(1.4)

4.07(1.3)

4.27(1.4)

0.002

Lymphocytes (109/L)

2536

2.14(0.6)

2.23(0.7)

2.05(0.5)

0.002

2.10(0.6)

2.19(0.7)

0.006

2.16(0.7)

2.17(0.6)

2.23(0.6)

0.389

2.15(0.7)

2.18(0.6)

2.18(0.7)

0.619

Leg length (cm)

2519

75.2(3.8)

75.7(4.2)

75.3(3.7)

0.005

74.6(3.7)

75.6(4.0)

<0.001

75.2(3.9)

75.6(4.0)

75.6(3.9)

0.020

75.1(4.0)

75.7(3.8)

75.1(4.0)

0.003

Sitting height (cm)

2520

88.6(3.6)

89.8(3.4)

88.7(3.7)

<0.001

87.6(3.5)

89.6(3.4)

<0.001

88.8(3.6)

89.3(3.4)

89.7(4.0)

<0.001

88.5(3.5)

89.7(3.4)

88.6(3.8)

<0.001

Row%

                

Age group (years)

                

50-54

346

41.3

56.6

2.0

 

11.3

88.7

 

68.8

21.4

9.8

 

43.9

42.8

13.3

 

55-59

568

57.0

41.0

1.9

 

23.6

76.4

 

67.3

25.4

7.4

 

44.9

43.0

12.1

 

60-64

599

65.4

32.2

2.3

 

25.2

74.6

 

61.3

32.9

5.8

 

37.4

47.9

14.7

 

65-69

470

76.0

22.3

1.7

 

30.6

69.1

 

56.8

38.5

4.7

 

48.5

37.0

14.5

 

70-74

339

82.3

15.3

2.4

 

44.5

55.5

 

58.7

36.3

5.0

 

48.7

32.2

19.2

 

75-79

156

78.2

16.0

5.8

 

51.3

48.1

 

60.9

32.1

7.1

 

48.1

35.9

16.0

 

80+

58

81.0

13.8

5.2

<0.001

53.4

46.6

<0.001

56.9

37.9

5.2

<0.001

55.2

29.3

15.5

<0.001

Alcohol use

                

Never

880

68.3

29.9

1.8

 

30.1

69.9

 

61.0

32.0

6.9

 

48.1

36.8

15.1

 

<1/week

1068

63.2

34.7

2.1

 

24.4

75.6

 

61.5

32.0

6.5

 

41.5

44.4

14.1

 

1-4/week

176

62.5

34.7

2.8

 

25.6

74.4

 

67.6

28.4

4.0

 

46.0

44.9

9.1

 

5+/week

271

65.7

32.5

1.8

 

39.9

60.1

 

66.4

28.8

4.8

 

43.9

39.9

16.2

 

Ex-drinker

93

71.0

21.5

7.5

0.046

37.6

62.4

<0.001

67.7

24.7

7.5

0.323

49.5

34.4

16.1

0.011

Unknown

48

70.8

18.8

10.4

 

33.3

60.4

 

52.1

33.3

14.6

 

39.6

37.5

22.9

 

Smoking status

                

Never

940

63.8

34.3

1.9

 

20.3

79.7

 

58.3

35.3

6.4

 

41.0

45.5

13.5

 

Ex-smoker

675

69.0

28.1

2.8

 

33.5

66.5

 

62.2

31.3

6.5

 

46.2

40.4

13.3

 

Current

900

65.1

32.9

2.0

0.039

34.3

65.7

<0.001

66.8

27.0

6.2

<0.001

47.6

36.2

16.2

<0.001

Unknown

21

57.1

19.0

23.8

 

19.0

66.7

 

57.1

23.8

19.0

 

28.6

38.1

33.3

 

Physical activity

                

Inactive

223

65.9

31.4

2.7

 

31.8

66.8

 

68.6

26.0

5.4

 

48.4

30.9

20.6

 

Minimally active

866

61.1

36.4

2.5

 

29.1

70.9

 

58.8

33.9

7.3

 

44.3

40.9

14.8

 

HEPA active $

1447

68.3

29.5

2.2

0.002

28.1

71.9

0.438

63.5

30.3

6.2

0.021

44.2

42.3

13.5

0.046

  1. * Highest level of education was categorised as low (primary or less) and high (above primary)
  2. # Manual is agricultural worker, factory worker or sales and service, non-manual is administrator/manager, professional/technical or military/disciplined
  3. † p value for linear trend for continuous variables and χ 2 p value for categorical variables
  4. $ Health enhancing physical activity: vigorous activity at least 3 days a week achieving at least 1500 metabolically equivalent tasks (MET) minutes per week or activity on 7 days of the week achieving at least 3000 MET minutes per week