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Table 2 Profile of maternal, family and household antenatal exposures for the EFHL cohorts 2006-2010

From: Environments For Healthy Living (EFHL) Griffith birth cohort study: characteristics of sample and profile of antenatal exposures

 

2006 (n=625)

2007 (n=475)

2008 (n=452)

2009 (n=621)

2010 (n=706)

All Years (n=2879)

P value

Maternal Characteristics

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Maternal age

       

<25 years

147 (23.6)

118 (24.9)

112 (24.8)

142 (22.9)

184 (26.1)

703 (24.5)

0.5367a

25-29 years

172 (27.5)

126 (26.5)

123 (27.3)

199 (32.2)

195 (27.7)

815 (28.4)

 

30-34 years

187 (30.0)

133 (28.0)

119 (26.4)

142 (22.9)

180 (25.6)

761 (26.5)

 

35-39 years

100 (16.0)

76 (16.0)

77 (17.1)

105 (17.0)

114 (16.2)

472 (16.4)

 

40+ years

18 (2.9)

22 (4.6)

20 (4.4)

31 (5.0)

31 (4.4)

122 (4.2)

 

Missing = 6

       

Maternal BMI

       

Underweight (<18.5)

104 (16.8)

80 (17.1)

77 (17.2)

109 (17.7)

120 (17.2)

490 (17.2)

0.0349a

Normal weight (18.5-24.9)

320 (51.8)

225 (48.1)

222 (49.5)

278 (45.3)

311 (44.6)

1356 (47.7)

 

Overweight (25.0-29.9)

111 (18.0)

89 (19.0)

89 (19.9)

119 (19.4)

137 (19.7)

545 (19.1)

 

Obese (>30)

83 (13.4)

74 (15.8)

60 (13.4)

108 (17.6)

129 (18.5)

454 (16.0)

 

Missing = 34

       

Country of Birth

       

Australia

460 (73.6)

348 (73.3)

313 (69.4)

434 (69.9)

493 (69.9)

2048 (71.2)

0.3392b

Other

165 (26.4)

127 (26.7)

138 (30.6)

187 (30.1)

212 (30.1)

829 (28.8)

 

Missing = 2

       

Highest level of education

       

Not complete school

129 (20.7)

93 (19.7)

88 (19.6)

147 (23.8)

143 (20.4)

600 (20.9)

0.4967a

Completed high school

201 (32.3)

163 (34.5)

139 (30.9)

178 (28.8)

212 (30.2)

893 (31.2)

 

Trade/Apprenticeship

179 (28.7)

131 (27.7)

135 (30.0)

186 (30.1)

198 (28.3)

829 (28.9)

 

University degree

114 (18.3)

86 (18.2)

88 (19.6)

107 (17.3)

148 (21.1)

543 (19.0)

 

Missing = 14

       

Employment Status

       

Employed

314 (50.4)

241 (51.2)

223 (49.8)

310 (50.5)

355 (50.6)

1443 (50.5)

0.2176b

Unemployed

47 (7.5)

48 (10.2)

47 (10.5)

68 (11.1)

88 (12.5)

298(10.4)

 

Not in labour force

262 (42.1)

182 (38.6)

178 (39.7)

236 (38.4)

259 (36.9)

1117(39.1)

 

Missing = 21

       

Paternal / Partner Characteristics d

Paternal age

       

<25 years

100 (16.2)

72 (15.4)

81 (18.1)

91 (14.9)

123 (17.6)

467 (16.4)

0.7330a

25-29 years

169 (27.3)

113 (24.2)

123 (27.5)

175 (28.6)

182 (26.0)

762 (26.8)

 

30-34 years

160 (25.9)

144 (30.8)

114 (25.5)

156 (25.5)

186 (26.6)

760 (26.7)

 

35-39 years

120 (19.4)

92 (19.7)

84 (18.8)

121 (19.7)

131 (18.7)

548 (19.3)

 

40+ years

69 (11.2)

46 (9.9)

45 (10.1)

70 (11.4)

77 (11.0)

307 (10.8)

 

Missing = 35

       

Paternal BMI

       

Underweight (<18.5)

127 (20.6)

87 (18.3)

86 (19.2)

125 (20.5)

129 (18.6)

554 (19.5)

0.3110a

Normal weight (18.5-24.9)

169 (27.4)

125 (26.4)

127 (28.4)

171 (28.0)

192 (27.6)

784 (27.5)

 

Overweight (25.0-29.9)

229 (37.1)

178 (37.6)

171 (38.3)

206 (33.7)

239 (34.4)

1023 (36.0)

 

Obese (>30)

92 (14.9)

84 (17.7)

63 (14.1)

109 (17.8)

135 (19.4)

483 (17.0)

 

Missing = 35

       

Partners highest level of education

       

Not complete school

128 (22.0)

88 (20.0)

106 (24.8)

139 (24.3)

148 (22.3)

609 (22.7)

0.9906a

Completed high school

153 (26.3)

126 (28.6)

96 (22.4)

146 (25.5)

170 (25.6)

691 (25.7)

 

Trade/Apprenticeship

227 (39.1)

173 (39.3)

174 (40.7)

230 (40.1)

247 (37.3)

1051 (39.1)

 

University degree

73 (12.6)

53 (12.1)

52 (12.1)

58 (10.1)

98 (14.8)

334 (12.4)

 

Missing = 194

       

Partners employment status

       

Employed

552 (93.7)

420 (93.7)

395 (93.0)

535 (91.3)

612 (91.2)

2514 (92.5)

0.2499b

Unemployed

22 (3.7)

11 (2.5)

15 (3.5)

33 (5.6)

33 (4.9)

114 (4.2)

 

Not in labour force

15 (2.6)

17 (3.8)

15 (3.5)

18 (3.1)

26 (3.9)

91 (3.3)

 

Missing =160

       

Household Characteristics

       

Annual household income e

       

Median

$62,051

$63,295

$62,866

$62,733

$63,786

$62,946

0.4301c

Lowest quintile

7.4%

6.8%

7.0%

6.6%

7.0%

7.0%

 

2nd quintile

13.2%

13.5%

12.3%

12.9%

12.5%

12.9%

 

3rd quintile

17.9%

17.6%

16.9%

17.8%

16.5%

17.3%

 

4th quintile

23.1%

23.1%

22.9%

22.8%

22.2%

22.8%

 

Highest quintile

38.3%

39.0%

40.9%

40.0%

41.8%

40.0%

 

Missing = 449

       

Family status

       

Sole parent family

89 (14.4)

65 (13.7)

57 (12.7)

83 (13.4)

81 (11.6)

375 (13.1)

0.6477b

Two parent family

531 (85.6)

409 (86.3)

393 (87.3)

535 (86.6)

616 (88.4)

2484 (86.9)

 

Missing = 20

       

Children in household

       

No children

284 (46.3)

169 (36.7)

163 (36.6)

214 (34.5)

279 (39.5)

1109 (38.9)

0.0138a

1-3 children

310 (50.6)

275 (59.7)

265 (59.4)

380 (61.2)

398 (56.4)

1628 (57.2)

 

4 or more children

19 (3.1)

17 (3.7)

18 (4.0)

27 (4.4)

29 (4.1)

110 (3.9)

 

Missing = 32

       

Changed place of residence in past year

       

Moved

282 (45.2)

212 (44.8)

192 (43.4)

257 (42.3)

288 (41.9)

1231 (43.4)

0.7118b

Did not move

342 (54.8)

261 (55.2)

250 (56.6)

351 (57.7)

399 (58.1)

1603 (56.6)

 

Missing = 45

       

Satisfaction with area of residence

       

Satisfied

542 (86.9)

414 (87.3)

390 (87.3)

526 (85.2)

605 (86.6)

2477 (86.6)

0.6536a

Neither

57 (9.1)

41 (8.7)

44 (9.8)

72 (11.7)

72 (10.3)

286 (10.0)

 

Dissatisfied

25 (4.0)

19 (4.0)

13 (2.9)

19 (3.1)

22 (3.1)

98 (3.4)

 

Missing = 18

       

Perceived neighbourhood community connectedness

       

Strong

NA

59 (12.7)

65 (14.6)

110 (18.1)

101 (14.7)

335 (15.2)

0.1297a

Average

NA

314 (67.8)

299 (67.3)

383 (63.1)

475 (69.0)

1471 (66.8)

 

Poor

NA

90 (19.4)

80 (18.0)

114 (18.8)

112 (16.3)

396 (18.0)

 

Missing = 677

       

Maternal Health and Behaviours during pregnancy

       

Maternal psychological distress

       

Low distress

NA

363 (77.6)

346 (78.6)

478 (79.8)

568 (82.7)

1755 (80.0)

0.0191a

Moderate distress

NA

81 (17.3)

77 (17.5)

98 (16.4)

98 (14.3)

354 (16.1)

 

High distress

NA

24 (5.1)

17 (3.9)

23 (3.8)

21 (3.1)

85 (3.9)

 

Missing = 685

       

Cigarette smoking

       

Smoked

159 (25.5)

127 (26.9)

117 (25.9)

167 (27.1)

179 (25.4)

749 (26.1)

0.9466b

Did not smoke

465 (74.5)

346 (73.1)

335 (74.1)

450 (72.9)

525 (74.6)

2121 (73.9)

 

Missing = 9

       

Alcohol use

       

Consumed alcohol

316 (50.7)

252 (53.2)

223 (49.3)

277 (44.9)

287 (40.8)

1355 (47.2)

<0.0001b

No alcohol consumed

307 (49.3)

222 (46.8)

229 (50.7)

340 (55.1)

417 (59.2)

1515 (52.8)

 

Missing = 9

       

Recreational drug use

       

Used drugs

45 (7.4)

33 (7.0)

29 (6.6)

34 (5.6)

34 (4.9)

175 (6.2)

0.3526b

Did not use drugs

566 (92.6)

440 (93.0)

411 (93.4)

574 (94.4)

659 (95.1)

2650 (93.8)

 

Missing = 54

       

Multivitamin supplement use

       

Used supplements

NA

305 (66.9)

273 (61.2)

407 (67.4)

445 (64.1)

1430 (65.0)

0.1529b

Did not use supplements

NA

151 (33.1)

173 (38.8)

197 (32.6)

249 (35.9)

770 (35.0)

 

Missing = 679

       
  1. a Gamma statistic for ordinal data,b Pearsons chi-squared test for nominal data,c Median-test for ordinal data,d‘Paternal’ indicates biological father, ‘Partner’ indicates current relationship partner not necessarily the biological father, eGross annual household incomes standardised in AUD$2010 values.
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