Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Author & Year | Setting | Design and study population | Exposure | Ascertainment of disease | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baker 2000[51] | New-Zealand | Case–control: 202 cases, 313 controls | One or more smokers in household | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 6 |
Coen 2006[52] | England | Case–control: 144 cases, 144 controls | Exposure to smokers, exposure to smoke. | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 5 |
Conde 2003[45] | Portugal | Case–control: 47 cases, 51 controls | Maternal smoking | Laboratory confirmed | 6 |
Fischer 1997[46] | State of Washington, USA | Case–control: 129 cases, 274 controls | Maternal smoking, passive tobacco smoke | Laboratory confirmed | 7 |
Grein 2001[47] | Republic of Ireland | Case–control: 87 cases, 267 controls | Household smoking | Laboratory confirmed | 8 |
Haneberg 1983[53] | Norway | Case–control: 115 cases, 61 patient controls, 293 population controls | Heavy/moderate smoke exposure | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 4 |
Hodgson 2001[54] | Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana. | Case–control: 505 cases, 505 controls. | Paternal smoking | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 8 |
Kriz 2000[48] | Czech republic | Case control: 68 cases, 135 controls | Maternal smoking, Paternal smoking, Maternal smoking only, Paternal smoking only, Both parents smoking, Smoking at home per 20 cigarettes a day | Laboratory confirmed | 7 |
Krizova 1999[55] | Czech republic | Case control: 107 cases, 211 controls | Maternal smoking, Paternal smoking, another member of family | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 5 |
McCall 2004[49] | Area covered by the SPHUN, Queensland, Australia | Case control: 62 cases, 79 controls | Passive tobacco smoke exposure, carer smoking. | Laboratory confirmed | 4 |
Moodley 1999[56] | Cape town metropolitan region, South Africa. | Case control: 70 cases, 210 controls | More than 2 Smokers per household, Main caregiver smokes | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 3 |
Pereiro 2004[57] | Valencia, Spain | Case control: 181 cases, 243 controls. | Under 15s: No. of smokers, Maternal smoking, Paternal smoking, Other smoking, No of cigarettes smoked by other at home <10, 10 – 20, 20>. Under 5s: No of cigarettes smoked; 10 to 29,30 to 59. | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 5 |
Robinson 2001[58] | Victoria, Australia | Case control: 47 cases, 94 controls | Smoker amongst intimate contact. | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 7 |
Sorensen 2004[59] | Denmark | Case control: 462 cases, 9240 controls. | Maternal smoking | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 7 |
Stanwell-Smith 1994[50] | West England | Case control: 74 cases, 232 controls | Any household smoker, Smoking at home, Smoking on visits, Cigarettes smoked per day in home;1-9, 10-19, 20-29, 30 or more. Number of smokers in the household; None, One, Two, Three or more. | Laboratory confirmed | 5 |
Stuart 1988[60] | England | Case control: 105 cases, 105 controls. | Other smokers in the household | Laboratory confirmed and probable | 6 |
Tully 2006[43] | England | Cohort: 144 cases, 144 controls | Multiple close contacts who smoke | Laboratory confirmed | 9 |
Yusuf 1999[44] | Atlanta, USA | Cohort: 283291 people, including 55 cases. | Mother smoked during pregnancy | Laboratory confirmed | 8 |