A call for parental monitoring to improve condom use among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Mlunde, Linda B; Poudel, Krishna C; Sunguya, Bruno F; Mbwambo, Jessie K K; Yasuoka, Junko; Otsuka, Keiko; Ubuguyu, Omary; Jimba, Masamine

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-1061

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Associations of condom use at last sexual intercourse among students who were sexually active in the past one year

From: A call for parental monitoring to improve condom use among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

	Male				Female
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR^b(95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR^c(95% CI)	p-value
Age (yrs)
<20	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
≥20	1.18(0.83-1.68)	0.36	1.15(0.79-1.68)	0.46	0.81(0.42-1.58)	0.54	0.91(0.40-2.06)	0.82
Secondary school class
Ordinary-level	1.00				1.00		1.00
Advanced-level	0.91(0.54-1.52)	0.71	-		0.40(0.17-0.96)	0.04	0.39(0.14-1.13)	0.08
Religion
Christian	1.00		1.00		1.00
Other	0.74(0.51-1.08)	0.12	0.65(0.43-0.98)	0.04	1.15(0.56-2.36)	0.71	-
Wealth Index
Low	1.00				1.00
Middle	1.06(0.69-1.63)	0.78	-		1.34(0.57-3.15)	0.51	-
High	0.97(0.63-1.50)	0.88			1.19(0.53-2.68)	0.67
Family structure
Both parents	1.00		1.00		1.00
One parent	0.93(0.56-1.56)	0.79	1.03(0.60-1.75)	0.92	1.48(0.54-4.02)	0.45	-
Other	0.64(0.43-0.94)	0.02	0.64(0.43-0.98)	0.04	1.25(0.60-2.58)	0.55
Self-esteem ^a
Low	1.00				1.00
High	1.09(0.76-1.55)	0.64	-		1.21(0.62-2.37)	0.58	-	-
Parental monitoring ^a
Low	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
High	1.91(1.31-2.79)	0.001	1.56(1.05-2.32)	0.03	1.77(0.89-3.52)	0.10	1.54(0.71-3.37)	0.28
Delinquency ^a
Low	1.00		1.00		1.00
High	0.53(0.35-0.81)	0.004	0.63(0.40-0.99)	0.04	0.80(0.36-1.78)	0.58	-	-
Perceived stress ^a
Low	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
High	0.70(0.49-1.02)	0.06	0.84(0.57-1.23)	0.37	0.47(0.23-0.96)	0.04	0.74(0.32-1.72)	0.49
Parental communication ^a
Low	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
High	1.30(0.92-1.85)	0.14	1.22(0.85-1.76)	0.29	1.94(0.97-3.85)	0.06	1.60(0.76-3.37)	0.22
School connectedness ^a
Low	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
High	1.26(0.89-1.79)	0.20	1.06(0.72-1.54)	0.78	1.63(0.83-3.18)	0.15	1.54(0.73-3.22)	0.26
Drug use in the past one year
No	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	0.63(0.38-1.03)	0.07	0.98(0.52-1.85)	0.96	1.36(0.33-5.66)	0.67	-
Alcohol use in the past one year
No	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	0.60(0.42-0.87)	0.01	0.64(0.41-0.98)	0.04	0.52(0.25-1.05)	0.07	0.61(0.27-1.38)	0.24
Cigarette use in the past one year
No	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	0.65(0.39-1.06)	0.09	0.92(0.49-1.74)	0.79	1.71(0.32-9.11)	0.53	-
Sexual partners in the past one year
1 partner	1.00				1.00		1.00
≥ 2 partners	0.84(0.59-1.20)	0.34	-		0.54(0.25-1.14)	0.11	0.91(0.38-2.20)	0.84
Concurrency in the past one year
No	1.00				1.00
Yes	0.73(0.43-1.24)	0.24	-		0.88(0.19-4.10)	0.87	-

^a Self-esteem, parental monitoring, delinquency, perceived stress, parental communication and school connectedness were coded as low if the score was lower than median value.
^b Adjusted for age, religion, family structure, parental monitoring, delinquency, perceived stress, parental communication, drug use, alcohol use, and cigarette use in the past one year.
^c Adjusted for age, class, parental monitoring, perceived stress, parental communication, school connectedness, alcohol use, and sexual partners in the past one year.

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