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Table 7 Frequency and costs (in US$) associated with influenza-related outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and deaths1

From: Reactive strategies for containing developing outbreaks of pandemic influenza

 

Age Group

Outcome Category Item

Children

Adults

Seniors

Outpatient Visits

   

Average no. visits per case

1.52

1.52

1.52

Net payment per visit

$80.90

$62.74

$82.55

Average copayment for outpatient visit

$8.26

$6.60

$6.60

Net payment per prescription

$41.28

$59.44

$59.44

Average prescriptions per visit

0.9

1.8

1.4

Average copayment per prescription

$4.95

$4.95

$4.95

Days lost

3

2

5

Value of 1 day lost

$91.85

$141.30

$91.85

Subtotal: Per-case Outpatient Costs

$448.86

$496.50

$679.47

Hospitalization

   

Hospital cost

$4,847.34

$9,932.42

$11,319.26

Net payment per outpatient visit

$122.17

$155.19

$168.40

Average copayment for outpatient visit

$8.26

$6.60

$6.60

Net payment for drug claims

$42.93

$69.34

$67.69

Most likely days lost

5

8

10

Value of 1 day lost

$91.85

$141.30

$91.85

Subtotal: Per-case Hospitalization Costs

$5,479.92

$11,293.96

$12,480.40

Deaths

   

Average age (years)

9

35

74

PV earnings lost

$1,435,750

$1,466,231

$93,027

Most likely hospital costs

$5,671

$12,555

$13,718

Subtotal

$1,441,422

$1,478,788

$106,746

Ill but no medical care sought

   

Days lost

3

2

5

Value of 1 day lost

$91.85

$141.30

$91.85

Over-the-counter drugs

$3.30

$3.30

$3.30

Subtotal: Per-case ill (no care sought)

$278.84

$285.90

$462.53

  1. 1. Estimates based on figures from Meltzer et al. [29]. Cost estimates inflated by 2008 consumer and medical price indices [30–32] as appropriate.