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Table 1 IES-R subscale scores and the prevalence of posttraumatic stress reactions according to the student demographics.

From: Risk factors for posttraumatic stress reactions among chinese students following exposure to a snowstorm disaster

Characteristic

IES-R

χ2

 

N

Avoidance

Intrusions

Hyperarousal

Total score

% of ≥20

 

Total

 

968

2.64 ± 3.43

4.10 ± 4.04

2.67 ± 3.23

9.89 ± 9.76

14.5

 

Gender

Male

428

2.82 ± 3.71

4.31 ± 4.35

2.49 ± 3.14

10.01 ± 10.41

14.3

0.03

 

Female

540

2.49 ± 3.18

3.93 ± 3.78

2.81 ± 3.30

9.80 ± 9.23

14.6

 
 

t

 

1.45

1.42

1.52

0.34

  

Age (y)

≤18

499

2.58 ± 3.37

3.99 ± 4.14

2.66 ± 3.35

9.74 ± 10.10

14.4

0.00

 

>18

469

2.70 ± 3.49

4.21 ± 3.94

2.68 ± 3.10

10.05 ± 9.40

14.5

 
 

t

0.51

0.84

0.10

0.48

   

Ethnicity

Tujia

726

2.54 ± 3.33

3.89 ± 3.91

2.61 ± 3.17

9.53 ± 9.55

13.5

5.65

 

Miao

179

3.07 ± 3.85

5.15 ± 4.67

3.08 ± 3.52

11.79 ± 11.00

19.6

 
 

Han

56

2.68 ± 3.39

3.66 ± 3.14

2.14 ± 2.90

8.89 ± 7.84

12.5

 
 

Other

7

1.29 ± 1.50

2.43 ± 2.15

2.43 ± 3.91

6.57 ± 6.11

0.0

 
 

F

 

1.53

5.40**

1.55

3.08*

  
 

LSD

  

> **

>*

 

> **

  

Teacher emotional support

      

yes

325

3.26 ± 3.59

5.18 ± 4.25

3.03 ± 3.31

12.01 ± 10.08

21.2

18.12**

no

643

2.32 ± 3.29

3.55 ± 3.82

2.48 ± 3.17

8.82 ± 9.42

11.0

 
 

t

 

3.97**

5.86**

2.52*

4.76**

  

Walking time to homea

0~2

496

2.11 ± 2.91

3.31 ± 3.47

2.29 ± 2.90

8.21 ± 8.33

9.9

17.62**

 

2~5

172

2.92 ± 4.05

4.37 ± 4.35

2.95 ± 3.34

10.74 ± 10.84

18.0

 
 

>5

300

3.34 ± 3.69

5.24 ± 4.44

3.13 ± 3.59

12.18 ± 10.76

20.0

 
 

F

 

13.09**

22.80**

7.27**

16.75**

  
 

LSD

 

> **

> **

> **

> **

>*

> **

> *

> **

> **

  

School-to-home distanceb

0-10

407

2.10 ± 3.02

3.26 ± 3.56

2.18 ± 2.91

8.04 ± 8.67

8.8

21.46**

 

10-20

139

2.70 ± 3.52

3.96 ± 3.89

2.75 ± 3.35

9.81 ± 9.32

13.7

 
 

>20

422

3.14 ± 3.69

4.95 ± 4.35

3.11 ± 3.42

11.70 ± 10.54

20.1

 
 

F

 

9.73**

18.81**

8.64**

15.03**

  
 

LSD

 

> **

> **

> *

> **

> **

> *

  
  1. Note. Data are represented as the mean ± SD. a = hours; b = kilometers; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.