Table 2 Nutrient and food-group intake of subjects by maternal education level
From: Effects of maternal education on diet, anemia, and iron deficiency in Korean school-aged children
Nutrients | Low (n= 268) | High (n= 449) | P-value a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Â |
Energy intake (kcal) | 1649.0 | 344.9 | 1746.7 | 370.5 | 0.0003 |
Fat (g) | 45.1 | 15.0 | 50.3 | 17.2 | <.0001 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 245.5 | 55.5 | 253.6 | 51.9 | 0.0379 |
Protein (g) | 66.6 | 15.7 | 71.3 | 18.9 | 0.0004 |
Plant protein (g) | 33.1 | 8.0 | 33.4 | 8.5 | 0.5566 |
Animal protein (g) | 33.5 | 11.7 | 37.9 | 15.7 | <.0001 |
Vitamin A (μg RE) | 736.5 | 352.1 | 712.1 | 308.0 | 0.2286 |
Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.2 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.0214 |
Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.4561 |
Niacin (mg) | 15.2 | 4.9 | 16.2 | 5.4 | 0.0120 |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.4019 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 85.0 | 43.4 | 75.3 | 35.8 | 0.0038 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 12.7 | 4.6 | 12.9 | 4.8 | 0.6882 |
Folate (μg) | 234.1 | 85.7 | 216.3 | 75.5 | 0.0068 |
Zinc (mg) | 8.2 | 3.0 | 8.8 | 3.5 | 0.0336 |
Calcium (mg) | 512.5 | 187.1 | 498.0 | 198.5 | 0.4101 |
Phosphorus (mg) | 958.8 | 240.1 | 997.6 | 268.0 | 0.0425 |
Sodium (mg) | 4051.9 | 1259.8 | 3914.6 | 1147.8 | 0.1776 |
Potassium (mg) | 2504.3 | 757.1 | 2456.1 | 697.5 | 0.2910 |
Iron (mg) | 11.8 | 3.5 | 12.1 | 3.4 | 0.2981 |
Plant iron (mg) | 9.0 | 3.0 | 8.9 | 2.9 | 0.7432 |
Animal iron (mg) | 2.9 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 0.0012 |
Fiber (g) | 18.1 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 5.0 | 0.0038 |
Cholestrol (mg) | 292.2 | 140.5 | 305.9 | 141.8 | 0.1112 |
% Energy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Carbohydrate (%) | 59.6 | 5.9 | 58.4 | 6.0 | 0.0101 |
Protein (%) | 16.2 | 2.1 | 16.3 | 2.2 | 0.5912 |
Fat (%) | 24.5 | 5.4 | 25.6 | 5.5 | 0.0067 |
Low iron intake ( n , %) b | 56 | (20.9) | 69 | (15.4) | 0.0591 |
Food group (g) | |||||
Cereal & grain products | 271.1 | 73.0 | 285.8 | 75.4 | 0.0051 |
Potatoes & starch | 37.8 | 36.9 | 39.4 | 44.7 | 0.6973 |
Sugars & sweet | 5.8 | 5.1 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 0.1781 |
Legumes & their products | 35.6 | 37.7 | 32.6 | 32.5 | 0.4730 |
Seeds & nuts | 3.7 | 8.6 | 3.0 | 7.8 | 0.4275 |
Vegetables | 258.0 | 114.6 | 223.5 | 96.0 | <.0001 |
Fungi and mushroom | 3.3 | 12.4 | 2.9 | 9.9 | 0.6945 |
Fruit | 128.7 | 147.7 | 134.0 | 138.9 | 0.9898 |
Meat, poultry, & their products | 77.7 | 50.4 | 99.8 | 73.6 | <.0001 |
Eggs | 30.5 | 25.8 | 30.2 | 24.2 | 0.7095 |
Fish & shell fish | 43.6 | 31.9 | 49.5 | 40.0 | 0.0362 |
Seaweed | 3.2 | 5.2 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 0.6127 |
Milk & milk products | 133.3 | 119.9 | 121.2 | 121.7 | 0.2809 |
Beverages | 46.4 | 41.2 | 44.9 | 37.9 | 0.8627 |
Oil (plant) | 8.7 | 4.2 | 8.8 | 4.5 | 0.4033 |
Fat (animal) | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.4738 |