Undernutrition among HIV-positive children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: antiretroviral therapy alone is not enough

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Descriptive analysis: Child, caregiver, household characteristics and undernutrition

	HIV Negative (N = 202)				HIV Positive (N = 213)
Variable	N	Mean	%	SD	N	Mean	%	SD	P-Value
Age child(Months)		14.5		9.6		38.6		15.6	< 0.001
6-12 months	115		56.9		15		7.0
13-24 months	62		30.7		29		13.6		< 0.001
>24 months	25		12.4		169		79.3
Sex
Male	109		54.0		113		53.1		0.931
Female	93		46.0		100		46.9
Orphan hood
Yes	2		1.0		59		27.7		< 0.001
No	200		99.0		154		72.3
Birth weight
≥2500 g	169		83.7		154		72.3		0.008
<2500 g	33		16.3		59		27.7
Age caregiver(Years)		27.8		5.4		33.0		8.1	< 0.001
Caregiver's education
≤ Primary	110		54.5		165		77.5		< 0.001
≥ Secondary	92		45.5		48		22.5
Major religions
Christian	93		46.0		102		47.9		0.255
Moslem	109		54.0		111		52.1
Employment status
Not employed	103		49.0		148		69.5		<0.001
Employed	99		51.0		65		30.5
Marital status caregiver
Married	182		90.1		164		77.0		<0.001
Not married	20		9.9		49		23.0
Wealth index (tercile)
High	102		50.5		57		26.8		<0.001
Middle	59		29.2		69		32.4
Low	41		20.3		87		40.8
Food security score (0-6)
Secured	150		74.3		101		47.4		< 0.001
Insecure	26		12.9		35		16.4
Hunger	26		12.9		77		36.2
Dietary diversity score
≥ 6	132		65.3		95		44.6		<0.001
< 6	70		34.7		118		55.4
Currently breastfed
Yes	142		70.3		3		1.4		<0.001
No	60		29.7		210		98.6
Diarrhea(past 6 months)
Yes	35		17.3		82		38.5		<0.001
No	167		82.7		131		61.5
Malaria (past 6 months)
Yes	46		22.8		83		39.9		0.001
No	156		77.2		130		61.0
Hospitalization(past 6 months)
Yes	16		7.9		61		28.6		<0.001
No	186		92.1		152		71.4
ART Duration (months)						18.0		12.40
WAZ (Underweight)
Normal	189		93.5		166		77.9		<0.001
Moderate	9		4.5		33		15.5
Severe	4		2.0		14		6.6
WHZ (Wasting)
Normal	200		99.0		184		86.4		<0.001
Moderate	2		1.0		20		9.4
Severe	0		0.0		9		4.2
HAZ (Stunting)
Normal	158		78.2		135		63.4		0.004
Moderate	29		14.4		49		23.0
Severe	15		7.4		29		13.6

ISSN: 1471-2458