Table 5 Socio-demographic and behavioral correlates of khat use within the last 12 months among undergraduate medical students, June 2009
Factors | Khat use within the last 12 months | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | No, n (%) | Yes, n (%) | Â |
Sex | Â | Â | Â |
   Female | 193 (98.5) | 3 (1.5) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Male | 386 (90.6) | 40 (9.4) | 3.28 (0.80, 13.54) |
Age in years | Â | Â | Â |
   15-19 | 213 (94.7) | 12 (5.3) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   20 or more | 366 (92.2) | 31 (7.8) | 0.64 (0.18, 2.30) |
Religion | Â | Â | Â |
   Other Christian | 127 (96.2) | 5 (3.8) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Orthodox Christian | 366 (94.1) | 23 (5.9) | 0.62 (0.15, 2.61) |
   Muslim | 74 (86.1) | 12 (14.0) | 8.18 (1.55, 43.25) |
   Other | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.00) | 1.42 (0.13, 13.82) |
Main source of family's income | Â | Â | Â |
   Government employee | 172 (90.5) | 18 (9.5) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Business | 149 (92.0) | 13 (8.0) | 0.27 (0.08, 0.86) |
   Agriculture-based | 128 (95.5) | 6 (4.5) | 0.77 (0.09, 6.50) |
   Other | 130 (95.6) | 6 (4.4) | 0.51 (0.14, 1.87) |
Medical education status | Â | Â | Â |
   Pre-clinical | 426 (95.3) | 21 (4.7) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Clinical | 153 (87.4) | 22 (12.6) | 2.04 (0.61, 6.78) |
Original background | Â | Â | Â |
   Rural | 116 (93.6) | 8 (6.5) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Urban | 463 (93.0) | 35 (7.0) | 0.77 (0.11, 5.29) |
Friend currently uses khat | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 436 (96.5) | 16 (3.5) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Yes | 143 (84.1) | 27 (15.9) | 8.08 (2.84, 22.98) |
Father currently chews khat | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 534 (93.2) | 39 (6.8) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Yes | 45 (91.8) | 4 (8.2) | 1.75 (0.44, 7.03) |
Mother currently chews khat | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 560 (93.1) | 42 (6.9) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Yes | 19 (95.0) | 1 (5.0) | 1.32 (0.12, 14.74) |
Consumed alcohol within the last 12 months | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 477 (97.9) | 10 (2.1) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Yes | 102 (75.6) | 33 (24.4) | 16.99 (4.61, 62.64) |
Ever smoked cigarette | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 551 (97.0) | 17 (3.0) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   yes | 28 (51.9) | 26 (48.2) | 7.63 (2.81, 20.71) |
Total, N (%) | 579 (93.1) | 43 (6.9) | Â |