Skip to main content

Table 3 Measurement items of each specific correlates per EBRB of the Child Questionnaire

From: EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth (ENERGY) project: Design and methodology of the ENERGY cross-sectional survey

 

Description

Soft drink

Fruit juice

Breakfast

Physical activity/Sports

TV viewing

Personal correlates

     

Attitude1

Does the child consider the behaviour as 'bad' or 'good'

I think that drinking fizzy drinks or fruit squash is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

I think that drinking fruit drinks is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

I think that eating breakfast is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

I think that physical activity/sports is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

I think that watching TV is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

Knowledge1

Does the child know the recommendation with regard to the behaviour is

 

I think it is recommended for children my age Not to drink fruit juices at all (1), To drink not more than one glass a day (2), To drink fruit juices as much as you like (3), I don't know what is recommended (4)"

I think it is recommended for children my age (to skip breakfast (1), Eat breakfast when you feel like it (2), eat breakfast on schooldays (3) Eat breakfast every day (4).

I think it is recommended for children my age (to be active once a week (1), to be active some days a eek (2), to be active every day for 30 minutes (3), to be active every day for 1 hour (4), to be active every day for 2 hours (5), to be active every day for 3 to 4 hours (6).

I think it is recommended for children my age (to watch television as often as you like (1), To watch television for more than 2 hours per day (2) To watch television for less than 2 hours per day (3) To watch television for less than 1 hour a day (4) To watch television not more than a few times per week (5) Not to watch television at al (6).

Health beliefs2

Belief of the child in that performing the behaviour would make him/her fat

I think that drinking fizzy drinks or fruit squash will make me fat (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

I think that drinking fruit juices will make me fat (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

1. I think NOT eating breakfast will make me fat (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

2. I think that eating breakfast will make me fat (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

I think NOT doing physical activities/sports will make me fat (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

I think watching too much television will make me fat (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

Preference/liking1

Whether the child likes performing the behaviour or likes the taste of food

I like the taste of fizzy drinks or fruit squash (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

  

I like doing physical activity/sports (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

I like watching television (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2))

Self-efficacy1

The child's perception of how 'easy' or 'difficult' the behaviour is to perform

I find not drinking fizzy drinks or fruit squash... (very difficult (-2) - very easy (+2)).

 

I find eating breakfast every day... (very difficult (-2) - very easy (+2)).

I find doing physical activity/sports for 1 hour everyday... (very difficult (-2) - very easy (+2)).

I find NOT watching television... (very difficult (-2) - very easy (+2)).

Automaticity3

extent to which a behaviour is performed automatically

Drinking fizzy drinks or fruit squash is something I do without even really thinking about it (I fully disagree (-2) - I fully agree (+2)).

 

Eating breakfast is something I do without even really thinking about it (I fully disagree (-2) - I fully agree (+2)).

Doing physical activity/sports is something I do without even really thinking about it (I fully disagree (-2) - I fully agree (+2)).

Watching television is something I do without even really thinking about it (I fully disagree (-2) - I fully agree (+2)).

Family environment

     

Social environment

     

Parental subjective norm1

Child's believe that parents consider performing the EBRB as 'good' or 'bad'

If I drink fizzy drinks or fruit squash my parents/caregivers think this is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

 

If I eat breakfast my parents/caregivers think this is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

If I do physical activity/sports my parents/caregivers think this is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

1. If I watch television my parents/caregivers think this is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

Parent modelling1

Perceived behaviour performed by parent

How often do your parents/caregivers drink fizzy drinks or fruit squash? (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

 

How often do your parents/caregivers eat breakfast? (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

How often do your parents/caregivers do physical activity/sports? (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

How often do your parents/caregivers watch television? (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

Performing the ERBR together1.

Frequency score of how often the child performs the behaviour together with his/her parent/caregiver

  

How often do you eat breakfast with your parents/caregivers? (Never (-2) - Every day (+2)).

How often do you take part in physical activity/do sports with your parents/caregivers? (Never (-2) - Every day (+2)).

How often do you watch television with your parents/caregivers? (Never (0)- Every day, more than once a day (14))

Active encouragement/parental support1

Perceived encouragement/support from parent in performing the behaviour

  

My parents/caregivers encourage me to have breakfast. (I fully disagree (-2) - I fully agree (+2)).

My parents/caregivers encourage me to do physical activity/sports. (I fully disagree (-2) - I fully agree (+2)).

 

Parental support1

    

My parents/caregivers help me if I need something for my sports. (I fully disagree (-2) - I fully agree (+2)).

 

Political environment

     

parental practices1

Family rules with regard to the behaviour perceived by child

1. I am allowed to take fizzy drinks or fruit squash, whenever I want (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

2. Do your parents/caregivers have rules about how many fizzy drinks or fruit squash you are allowed to drink (No (0) - Yes (1)).

3. If you ask your parents/caregivers to buy a certain brand of fizzy drink or fruit squash, will they do it? (Never (-2)- Always (+2),

4. If I ask my parents/caregivers for a fizzy drink or fruit squash, I get one. (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

1. I am allowed to take fruit juices, whenever I want (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

2. Do your parents/caregivers have rules about how many fruit juices you are allowed to drink (No (0) - Yes (1)).

1. Do your parents/caregivers have rules about whether you should eat breakfast? (No (0) - Yes (1)).

2. If you ask your parents/caregivers to buy a certain band of food or drink for breakfast, will she do it? (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

1. Do your parents/caregivers have rules about whether you should be physically active/do sports? (No (0) - Yes (1)).

2. Do your parents/caregivers allow you to take part in physical activity/do sports? (No (0) - Yes (1)).

3. If you indicate that you like a certain physical activity/sports will your parents/caregivers allow you to do it? (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

1. Do your parents/caregivers have rules about how many hours per day you are allowed to watch television? (No (0) - Yes (1)).

2. My parents/caregivers allow me to watch television, whenever I want (I fully disagree (-2) - I fully agree (+2)).

3. If I ask my parents/caregivers to watch television, I can do so. (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

Physical environment

     

Situation specific habit1

Situations in which the behaviour is performed

I which situations do you usually drink fizzy drinks or fruit squash (Thick boxes: During the weekend, breakfast, lunch, dinner, at school, while watching TV, as a thirst quencher between meals, during/after sports, when I am with friends, at birthday/parties, I never drink fuzzy drinks or fruit squash)

I which situations do you usually drink fruit juices (Thick boxes: During weekend, breakfast, lunch, dinner, at school, while watching TV, as a thirst quencher between meals, during/after sports, when I am with friends, at birthday/parties, I never drink fruit juices)

I which situations do you usually eat breakfast (Thick boxes: At a set table at home, In bed, While watching TV, on my way to school, at school before the class starts, I never eat breakfast).

 

How often do you watch television during meals? (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

Home availability1

Availability of food products or equipments

Are there usually fizzy drinks or fruit squash at your home?

Are there usually fruit juices at your home? (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

Are there usually breakfast products (milk, cereals, bread etc) at your home? (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

Do you have the following things at home that you can use for physical activities/sports? (Thick boxes: bike, Tennis and/or badminton racket, ball (basketball, volleyball, football etc), sporting shoes, skipping rope, skates, skis, skate board

Do you have a television in your bedroom? (No (0) - Yes (1)).

Economic environment

     

Pocket money4

Spending pocket money on food products

How often do you spend your own money on fizzy drinks or fruit squash? (Never (-2) - Always (+2)).

    

Pricing4

Consequences of increasing prices of food products

If the price of fizzy drinks and fruit squash were doubles, I would buy less fizzy drinks or fruit squash from my own money (I fully disagree (-2)- I fully agree (+2)).

    

School environment

     

Social environment

     

Peer subjective norm1

Child's believe that peers consider performing the EBRB as 'good' or 'bad'

If I drink fizzy drinks or fruit squash most of my friends think this is (very bad (-2) - very good (+2)).

 

If I eat breakfast most of my friends think this is (very bad (-2) - very good (+2)).

If I do physical activity/sports most of my friends think this is (very bad (-2) - very good (+2)).

If I watch television most of my friends think this is (very bad (-2)- very good (+2))

Peer modelling 1

Perceived behaviour performed by friends

How often do most of your friends drink fizzy drinks or fruit squash? (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

 

How often do most of your friends eat breakfast? (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

How often do most of your friends do physical activity/sports? (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

How often do most of your friends watch television? (Never (-2)- Always (+2))

  1. 1. Item derived from the ProChildren study [18]; 2 Item derived from DOiT study [16]3 Item derived from Habit Strength Index [27], 4Items derived from Vogt-Nielsen et al. 2010 [22]