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Table 4 Quality of quasi-experimental studies included in the systematic review

From: Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review

Study

Selectiona

Comparabilitya

Outcomea

Risk of bias

 

1a)

Int. group truly representative

1b)

Int. group somewhat representative

2a)

Cont. group from same community

3a)

Secure record used

3b)

Structured interview used

1a)

Important factor controlled

1b)

Additional factor controlled

1a)

Blind assessment

1b)

Record linkage

2a)

Sufficient follow-up period

3a)

Complete follow-up

3b)

Attrition unlikely to affect bias

 

Arnetz & Theorell [60]

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Baumgarten et al [61]

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

Moderate

Evans & Jaureguy [73]

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Fujiwara et al [74]

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Martina & Stevens [75]

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

High

Rosen & Rosen [76]

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Stevens & van Tilburg [77]

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Toseland et al [53]

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

High

White et al 1999 [62]

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Winningham & Pike [63]

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Bogat & Jason [78]

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Fokkema & Knipscheer [79]

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Mulligan & Bennett [80]

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Rook & Sorkin [81]

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

Toseland & Smith [54]

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

High

Bergman-Evans [65]

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

High

  1. a Refer to Wells et al [48] for full description of these categories