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Table 3 The effect of adjusting for self-reported psychological distress on household income differences in excess mortality.

From: The contribution of psychological distress to socio-economic differences in cause-specific mortality: a population-based follow-up of 28 years

 

Unnatural mortality

   

CHD mortality

   

Income

High

Intermediate

(%)

Low

(%)

High

Intermediate

(%)

Low

(%)

Men

 

HR (95% CI)

 

HR (95% CI)

  

HR (95% CI)

 

HR (95% CI)

 

1: confounders*

1

1.19 (0.98-1.44)

 

1.70 (1.42-2.04)

 

1

1.37 (1.19-1.58)

 

1.58 (1.38-1.81)

 

1+depression

1

1.16 (0.95-1.40)

-16

1.62 (1.35-1.94)

-11

1

1.36 (1.18-1.57)

-3

1.56 (1.36-1.79)

-3

1+stress

1

1.18 (0.97-1.43)

-5

1.65 (1.38-1.98)

-7

1

1.37 (1.19-1.58)

0

1.57 (1.38-1.80)

-2

1+insomnia

1

1.19 (0.98-1.45)

0

1.65 (1.38-1.98)

-7

1

1.37 (1.19-1.58)

0

1.57 (1.38-1.80)

-2

1+all psychological distress variables

1

1.18 (0.97-1.43)

-5

1.59 (1.33-1.92)

-16

1

1.37 (1.19-1.57)

0

1.56 (1.36-1.78)

-3

Women

          

1: confounders*

1

1.08 (0.75-1.55)

 

1.80 (1.29-2.50)

 

1

1.37 (1.07-1.75)

 

2.13 (1.71-2.65)

 

1+depression

1

1.07 (0.75-1.54)

-13

1.73 (1.24-2.40)

-9

1

1.36 (1.06-1.74)

-3

2.09 (1.68-2.60)

-4

1+stress

1

1.08 (0.75-1.54)

0

1.73 (1.24-2.40)

-9

1

1.37 (1.07-1.75)

0

2.10 (1.69-2.62)

-3

1+insomnia

1

1.09 (0.76-1.56)

+13

1.77 (1.27-2.46)

-4

1

1.37 (1.07-1.75)

0

2.11 (1.69-2.63)

-2

1+all psychological distress variables

1

1.08 (0.75-1.55)

0

1.69 (1.21-2.35)

-14

1

1.36 (1.06-1.74)

-3

2.07 (1.66-2.58)

-5

  1. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) and percent of reduction (%) in mortality among intermediate or low household income levels compared to high income level after adjustments of self-reported psychological distress.*The confounders: age, age squared, study year