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Table 2 Comparison of text warnings with multi-media warnings as deterrents from smoking

From: Perceptions of anti-smoking messages amongst high school students in Pakistan

 

Text Warning

Multi-Media Warning

p-value

1.

Smoking causes oral cancer

Picture of an oral cavity cancer

p < 0.001

2.

Smoking causes lung cancer

Picture of cancerous lungs

p < 0.001

3.

Smoking causes throat cancer

Video of a person using an electronic voice box

p < 0.001

4.

Smoking causes stroke

Video of a person recovering from stroke

p = 0.760

5.

Smoking causes severe lung disease

Video of a person a ventilator

p < 0.001