Skip to main content

Table 3 Multilevel analysis1.

From: Social capital in relation to depression, musculoskeletal pain, and psychosomatic symptoms: a cross-sectional study of a large population-based cohort of Swedish adolescents

 

Many psychosomatic symptoms

 

Many symptoms of musculoskeletal pain

 

Depression

 

Individual level (Level 1), ordinary regression model

 

Log likelihood = 6366.60

Log likelihood = 5422.22

Log likelihood = 7430.14

Neighbourhood social capital

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

High

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Medium

1.39 (1.14-1.68)

0.001

1.31 (1.06-1.62)

0.013

1.52 (1.28-1.81)

< 0.001

Low

2.49 (2.03-3.06)

< 0.001

1.92 (1.53-2.41)

< 0.001

2.79 (2.31-3.35)

< 0.001

General social trust

      

High

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Medium

1.48 (1.20-1.83)

< 0.001

1.40 (1.11-1.76)

0.004

1.48 (1.24-1.78)

< 0.001

Low

3.39 (2.73-4.21)

< 0.001

2.64 (2.08-3.35)

< 0.001

3.38 (2.80-4.10)

< 0.001

Individual level within school, 2-level analysis

 

QICC 2 = 6376.60

QICC = 5432.22

QICC = 7440.14

Neighbourhood social capital

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

High

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Medium

1.39 (1.13-1.70)

0.002

1.31 (1.04-1.64)

0.019

1.52 (1.26-1.84)

< 0.001

Low

2.49 (2.03-3.06)

< 0.001

1.92 (1.53-2.40)

< 0.001

2.79 (2.23-3.47)

< 0.001

General social trust

      

High

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Medium

1.48 (1.26-1.74)

< 0.001

1.40 (1.11-1.77)

0.005

1.48 (1.26-1.74)

< 0.001

Low

3.39 (2.83-4.05)

< 0.001

2.64 (2.01-3.46)

< 0.001

3.38 (2.87-3.98)

< 0.001

Individual level within housing area, 2-level analysis

 

QICC = 5939.22

QICC = 5018.40

QICC = 6949.51

Neighbourhood social capital

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

High

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Medium

1.42 (1.19-1.69)

< 0.001

1.32 (1.01-1.74)

0.046

1.49 (1.31-1.71)

< 0.001

Low

2.52 (2.05-3.11)

< 0.001

1.96 (1.51-2.54)

< 0.001

2.73 (2.30-3.24)

< 0.001

General social trust

      

High

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Medium

1.52 (1.25-1.84)

< 0.001

1.39 (1.12-1.73)

0.003

1.56 (1.24-1.95)

< 0.001

Low

3.40 (2.77-4.18)

< 0.001

2.63 (2.04-3.39)

< 0.001

3.49 (2.82-4.31)

< 0.001

3-level analysis

      
 

QICC = 5939.22

QICC = 5018.40

QICC = 6949.51

Neighbourhood social capital

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

High

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Medium

1.42 (1.15-1.75)

0.001

1.32 (1.04-1.68)

0.021

1.49 (1.23-1.81)

< 0.001

Low

2.52 (2.02-3.15)

< 0.001

1.96 (1.54-2.49)

< 0.001

2.73 (2.20-3.40)

< 0.001

General social trust

      

High

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Medium

1.52 (1.26-1.82)

< 0.001

1.39 (1.11-1.75)

0.005

1.56 (1.31-1.85)

< 0.001

Low

3.40 (2.82-4.11)

< 0.001

2.63 (2.00-3.46)

< 0.001

3.49 (2.89-4.20)

< 0.001

  1. 1 The individual level is the ordinary logistic regression. Individuals in school and in housing area are hierarchical analyses controlling for non-independent associations of school and housing area, respectively. The 3-level hierarchical analysis considers individuals nested in schools which are nested in housing area.
  2. 2 Corrected Quasi Likelihood under Independence Model Criterion (QICC)
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us