Table 7 Economic Costs of Diabetes Mellitus Parameter Estimates, analysis of covariance of factors affecting costs.
Parameter | Value | B | Std. Error | t | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | Â | 8.089 | .549 | 14.744 | .000 |
History of Heart attack | Â | .720 | .147 | 4.905 | .000 |
Foot/leg ulcer | Â | .388 | .140 | 2.765 | .007 |
Age (years) | Â | .012 | .006 | 2.117 | .036 |
Disease duration (years) | Â | .024 | .011 | 2.174 | .031 |
Number of annual visits to DM clinic | None | -1.137 | .308 | -3.687 | .000 |
| Â | 1-2 | -1.042 | .259 | -4.028 | .000 |
| Â | 3-6 | -.565 | .220 | -2.572 | .011 |
| Â | 7-11 | -.137 | .224 | -.611 | .542 |
| Â | 12+ (ref) | 0(a) | . | . | . |
Dyslipidemia | Yes | .842 | .293 | 2.873 | .005 |
| Â | No | .423 | .300 | 1.411 | .161 |
| Â | DK (ref) | 0(a) | . | . | . |
Use of insulin | Â | .752 | .155 | 4.840 | .000 |
DM retinopathy | Yes | -.494 | .349 | -1.414 | .160 |
| Â | NO | -.660 | .353 | -1.871 | .064 |
| Â | DK (ref) | 0(a) | . | . | . |
Mode of diagnosis | Incidental | .578 | .214 | 2.700 | .008 |
| Â | Screening | -.151 | .161 | -.935 | .351 |
| Â | Symptomatic(ref) | 0(a) | . | . | . |