Table 2 Incidence rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for cardiovascular disease mortality predicted from (a) total and (b) usable green space availability.
| Â | (a) Total green space | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Model 1 (Baseline) | Model 2 (+ area deprivation) | Model 3 (+ smoking rate) | Model 4 (+ air pollution) |
Green space availability quartile | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1 (least) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   2 | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.12) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) |
   3 | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.13) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.07) |
   4 (most) | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.94) | 1.16 (1.07 to 1.25) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.16) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.11) |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Female | 0.41 (0.39 to 0.43) | 0.40 (0.39 to 0.42) | 0.40 (0.39 to 0.42) | 0.40 (0.39 to 0.42) |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   55 to 64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   45 to 54 | 0.36 (0.33 to 0.38) | 0.35 (0.34 to 0.37) | 0.35 (0.34 to 0.37) | 0.35 (0.34 to 0.37) |
   15 to 44 | 0.06 (0.06 to 0.07) | 0.06 (0.06 to 0.06) | 0.06 (0.06 to 0.06) | 0.06 (0.06 to 0.06) |
Area deprivation (NZDep2001) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1 (least) |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   2 |  | 1.45 (1.33 to 1.59) | 1.31 (1.19 to 1.44) | 1.31 (1.20 to 1.44) |
   3 |  | 1.89 (1.74 to 2.06) | 1.51 (1.36 to 1.68) | 1.52 (1.37 to 1.69) |
   4 |  | 2.45 (2.26 to 2.66) | 1.77 (1.58 to 1.99) | 1.78 (1.59 to 2.00) |
   5 (most) |  | 3.83 (3.53 to 4.15) | 2.48 (2.20 to 2.80) | 2.48 (2.20 to 2.81) |
Smoking rate | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1 (least) |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   2 |  |  | 1.23 (1.13 to 1.34) | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.34) |
   3 |  |  | 1.35 (1.22 to 1.48) | 1.35 (1.22 to 1.48) |
   4 (most) |  |  | 1.68 (1.51 to 1.87) | 1.66 (1.49 to 1.85) |
Air pollution (PM10) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1 (least) |  |  |  | 1.00 |
   2 |  |  |  | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) |
   3 |  |  |  | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98) |
   4 |  |  |  | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.01) |
   5 (most) |  |  |  | 0.92 (0.84 to 1.01) |
| Â | (b) Usable green space | |||
Green space availability quartile | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1 (least) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   2 | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.12) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.04) |
   3 | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.18) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.03) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.04) |
   4 (most) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.16) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Female | 0.41 (0.39 to 0.44) | 0.40 (0.38 to 0.42) | 0.40 (0.39 to 0.42) | 0.40 (0.39 to 0.42) |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   55 to 64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   45 to 54 | 0.36 (0.33 to 0.38) | 0.35 (0.34 to 0.37) | 0.35 (0.34 to 0.37) | 0.35 (0.34 to 0.37) |
   15 to 44 | 0.06 (0.06 to 0.07) | 0.06 (0.05 to 0.06) | 0.06 (0.06 to 0.06) | 0.06 (0.06 to 0.06) |
Area deprivation (NZDep2001) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1 (least) |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   2 |  | 1.43 (1.31 to 1.56) | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.42) | 1.31 (1.20 to 1.44) |
   3 |  | 1.86 (1.72 to 2.02) | 1.49 (1.35 to 1.65) | 1.53 (1.38 to 1.69) |
   4 |  | 2.39 (2.21 to 2.59) | 1.74 (1.56 to 1.94) | 1.79 (1.60 to 2.00) |
   5 (most) |  | 3.72 (3.44 to 4.03) | 2.42 (2.16 to 2.72) | 2.49 (2.22 to 2.81) |
Smoking rate | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1 (least) |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   2 |  |  | 1.24 (1.14 to 1.35) | 1.24 (1.14 to 1.34) |
   3 |  |  | 1.37 (1.24 to 1.51) | 1.35 (1.22 to 1.48) |
   4 (most) |  |  | 1.71 (1.54 to 1.90) | 1.66 (1.49 to 1.85) |
Air pollution (PM10) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1 (least) |  |  |  | 1.00 |
   2 |  |  |  | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.06) |
   3 |  |  |  | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97) |
   4 |  |  |  | 0.92 (0.85 to 1.00) |
   5 (most) |  |  |  | 0.92 (0.85 to 1.00) |