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Table 3 Mean scores on frailty instruments 1 according to sex, age, educational level and income.

From: The psychometric properties of three self-report screening instruments for identifying frail older people in the community

Ā Ā 

GFI

TFI

SPQ

Total sample

Mean (sd)

3.6 (2.8)

4.2 (3.2)

1.9 (1.2)

Sex

Mean (sd)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒMale

Ā 

3.2 (2.7)

3.4 (3.1)

2.1 (1.2)

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒFemale

Ā 

3.9 (2.8)

4.7 (3.2)

1.7 (1.2)

Ā 

Z statistic2 (P-value)

-3.31 (0.001)

-4.95 (0.000)

-3.28 (0.001)

Age

Mean (sd)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā‰¤ 74 yrs

Ā 

3.0 (2.7)

3.3 (3.1)

1.7 (1.2)

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒ75-79 yrs

Ā 

3.6 (2.8)

4.2 (3.3)

1.9 (1.2)

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā‰„ 80 yrs

Ā 

4.4 (2.7)

5.3 (3.1)

2.2 (1.2)

Ā 

Chi-square3 (P-value)

27.58 (0.000)

37.2 (0.000)

15.84 (0.000)

Education

Mean (sd)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒNo Education/Primary Education

Ā 

4.1 (3.0)

4.7 (3.5)

2.0 (1.3)

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒSecondary Education

Ā 

3.6 (2.7)

4.1 (3.1)

1.8 (1.2)

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒHigher Education

Ā 

2.7 (2.2)

3.1 (2.8)

1.7 (1.0)

Ā 

Chi-square3 (P-value)

12.13 (0.002)

13.47 (0.001)

2.47 (0.291)

Income

Mean (sd)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā‰¤ ā‚¬900

Ā 

4.6 (3.0)

5.3 (3.6)

2.2 (1.4)

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā‚¬901 to ā‚¬1500

Ā 

4.0 (2.9)

4.8 (3.4)

1.8 (1.3)

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā‰„ ā‚¬ 1501

Ā 

2.8 (2.3)

3.1 (2.6)

1.8 (1.0)

Ā 

Chi-square3(P-value)

29.42 (0.000)

37.16 (0.000)

5.05 (0.080)

  1. 1 Higher scores indicate poorer functioning.
  2. 2 Mann-Whitney U test
  3. 3 Kruskal Wallis test